Cellular Susceptibility Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Measles Virus Receptors CD46/MCP is expressed on ______ nucleated cells

all

Measles Virus Receptors CD150/SLAM is expressed on a subset of ______ cells

immune

Enveloped viruses can do direct plasma membrane fusion o endocytosis vs non ______

pores

Pox use ______ o trick into thinking its an apoptic body

<p>micropinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measles Virus Receptors Nectin4/PVRL4 is normally restricted to ______ in humans

<p>placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measles Virus exits via ______ epithelium

<p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] is the first discovered viral receptor for influenza

<p>Sialic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are three different receptors for the viral entry into the host cell: 1. [Blank] 2. MCP/CD46 o compliment binding protein 3. PVRL4/Nectin 4

<p>SLAM/CD150</p> Signup and view all the answers

The measles virus exits the cell by fusing into ________.

<p>nectin 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nectin 4 is present between ________ in the respiratory tract.

<p>adherent junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

The virus within T, B, and dendritic cells will bind to ________ and gain entry into epithelial cells.

<p>nectin 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

SLAM and ________ are the two receptors used by wild-type MeV to infect and exit its human host.

<p>Nectin-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using a pseudotype virus has the advantage of allowing researchers to work on the SARS cov2 research in a ______ facility.

<p>level 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

One limitation of using a pseudotype virus is that you don't know the role of other ______ proteins.

<p>viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study, the spike protein of SARS cov2 demonstrated ______ activity.

<p>proteolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

When expressing the spike protein of SARS cov2 in cells, the researchers observed cleavage into S1 and S2, providing ______ evidence of cleavage.

<p>first</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does SARS-CoV-2 bind to?

<p>ACE2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fusion peptide proximal region (FPPR) in SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion?

<p>Clamps down RBD in prefusion S trimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the post-fusion structure of S2 responsible for?

<p>Bringing the cell and viral membranes together, facilitating formation of the fusion pore and virus entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second cleavage in SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion?

<p>To release the structural constraints on the fusion peptide and cause a conformational change in S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

mRNA vaccines have a ______ locked state of spike in their surface so that they don’t have - Lock spike in its pre-fusion state so that when it is expressed, it is only existing in the S1/S2 complex --. There is no post fusion spike that is being made Only post fusion S2 on the surface of the vriions

<p>prefusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

The S1 and S2 exists in the trimer form and are recognized by ______

<p>ACE2</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is already a prefusion cleavage between S1 and S2 by ______ but TMPRSS2 can also cleave but it predominantly cleaves at the S2 prime site and the S2 prime site is important for S1 fall off and expose major conformational changes in S2 exposes the fusion peptide which allows the virus to engage with target cellular protein. Fusion of viral post membrane and release of contents into the cytosol

<p>furin</p> Signup and view all the answers

This study showed that ______ is important for cells that are TMPRSS2 + for SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cell, but TMPRSS2 - cells can't fuse through the cell membrane and inhibiting ______ results in no infection. Inhibition of cathepsin B had no major affect on the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cell

<p>cathepsin L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular barriers to virus entry include the _______ and the _______.

<p>glycocalyx, plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major stages of virus entry include 1. ________, 2. ________, and 3. ________.

<p>binding to cell surface, activation of signaling, virus endocytosis/membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enveloped viruses can undergo direct plasma membrane fusion or enter the cell through ________.

<p>receptor-mediated endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cellular receptor used by viruses?

<p>Sialic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fusion protein (F) in the Measles Virus?

<p>Allowing the virus to fuse into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Measles Virus life cycle?

<p>The virus exits the cell by budding out</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics of a useful cellular receptor for a virus?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a cellular barrier that viruses encounter while trying to get into the cell?

<p>Glycocalyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is a major stage of virus entry?

<p>Binding to cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is an example of direct fusion at the plasma membrane?

<p>pH independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is used by the measles virus to infect immune cells?

<p>CD150/SLAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is upregulated in cancer cells and can potentially replicate in cancer cells?

<p>Nectin4/PVRL4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor allows the measles virus to exit the host through the respiratory epithelium?

<p>Nectin4/PVRL4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-receptor does the measles virus use to bind to dendritic cells in the respiratory tract?

<p>DC-SIGN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the prefusion cleavage between S1 and S2 in SARS-CoV-2?

<p>Furin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme predominantly cleaves at the S2 prime site in SARS-CoV-2?

<p>TMPRSS2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is important for cells that are TMPRSS2 positive to enter the cell?

<p>Cathepsin L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme inhibition results in no infection in TMPRSS2 negative cells?

<p>Cathepsin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the area of a rectangle?

<p>A = l * w</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the circumference of a circle?

<p>C = 2 * π * r</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the slope of a line given two points?

<p>m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the volume of a cylinder?

<p>V = π * r^2 * h</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the area of a triangle?

<p>A = 1/2 * b * h</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the area of a rectangle?

<p>A = l * w</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct formula for finding the circumference of a circle?

<p>C = 2<em>pi</em>r</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the slope of a line?

<p>m = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct formula for finding the volume of a sphere?

<p>V = 4/3<em>pi</em>r^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for finding the distance between two points in a coordinate plane?

<p>d = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does the measles virus use to infect immune cells?

<p>SLAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct equation for finding the volume of a cylinder?

<p>$V = \pi r h</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme inhibition results in no infection in TMPRSS2 negative cells?

<p>FURIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measles virus exits via which epithelium?

<p>Respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does the measles virus bind to for exit from the cell or the host?

<p>Nectin 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TMPRSS2 in SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells?

<p>It causes cleavage of the S2 subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many true attachment proteins are present on the surface of SARS-CoV-2?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is used by wild-type MeV to infect and exit its human host?

<p>SLAM &amp; Nectin-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

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