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Questions and Answers
Measles is caused by a virus belonging to the genus
Measles is caused by a virus belonging to the genus
Morbillivirus
Mumps is characterized by swelling of the ______ glands
Mumps is characterized by swelling of the ______ glands
salivary
Rubella is also known as German ______
Rubella is also known as German ______
measles
Measles infection can result in a progressive degenerative CNS disease called ________
Measles infection can result in a progressive degenerative CNS disease called ________
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______ is characterized by the onset of behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after an acute infection, typically occurring 4 to 17 years after the initial infection
______ is characterized by the onset of behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after an acute infection, typically occurring 4 to 17 years after the initial infection
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Loss of intellectual capacity before motor activity is a characteristic of ________
Loss of intellectual capacity before motor activity is a characteristic of ________
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______ also causes progressive mental deterioration, involuntary movements, muscular rigidity, and coma due to a defective form of measles virus in the brain cell, which is not able to produce M protein and was not released, only hid in the cell
______ also causes progressive mental deterioration, involuntary movements, muscular rigidity, and coma due to a defective form of measles virus in the brain cell, which is not able to produce M protein and was not released, only hid in the cell
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The presence of ________ antibodies indicates immunity against measles
The presence of ________ antibodies indicates immunity against measles
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During the acute phase, replication of virus within monocytes and other WBC depresses cell-mediated response to other antigens. ________ T lymphocytes, specifically directed against measles and protein in infected cells, are important in the recovery process and also provide protection against subsequent infection
During the acute phase, replication of virus within monocytes and other WBC depresses cell-mediated response to other antigens. ________ T lymphocytes, specifically directed against measles and protein in infected cells, are important in the recovery process and also provide protection against subsequent infection
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Patients with defective cell-mediated immunity do not develop ________
Patients with defective cell-mediated immunity do not develop ________
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Serology (ELISA) is a widely used laboratory technique for detecting ________ or a four-fold increase in antibody, which is indicative of a viral disease
Serology (ELISA) is a widely used laboratory technique for detecting ________ or a four-fold increase in antibody, which is indicative of a viral disease
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Measles is highly infectious and is transmitted via ________ droplets
Measles is highly infectious and is transmitted via ________ droplets
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The mortality rate of measles is increased in children younger than ________ and malnourished individuals
The mortality rate of measles is increased in children younger than ________ and malnourished individuals
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Measles becomes endemic only in countries with populations large enough to provide a continuing supply of susceptible children, and outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children. Without intervention, herd immunity is achieved when the majority of susceptible hosts have already contracted the disease. This is known as ________ immunity
Measles becomes endemic only in countries with populations large enough to provide a continuing supply of susceptible children, and outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children. Without intervention, herd immunity is achieved when the majority of susceptible hosts have already contracted the disease. This is known as ________ immunity
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Before widespread use of vaccines in developed countries, endemic infections punctuate every two to three years and attack the 3-5-year-old cohort. Due to vigorous vaccination campaigns, epidemics are rarely seen in ________ and European countries
Before widespread use of vaccines in developed countries, endemic infections punctuate every two to three years and attack the 3-5-year-old cohort. Due to vigorous vaccination campaigns, epidemics are rarely seen in ________ and European countries
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Rubella is also known as German ______
Rubella is also known as German ______
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Diagnosis of rubella requires ______ investigation as clinical diagnosis is unreliable
Diagnosis of rubella requires ______ investigation as clinical diagnosis is unreliable
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Congenital rubella syndrome can be diagnosed through viral isolation, specific IgM and IgG detection, and ______ detection
Congenital rubella syndrome can be diagnosed through viral isolation, specific IgM and IgG detection, and ______ detection
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Treatment for rubella is mainly ______, with no specific therapy available for acquired or congenital infection
Treatment for rubella is mainly ______, with no specific therapy available for acquired or congenital infection
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Control of rubella includes passive prophylaxis through human immunoglobulin and active immunization with live ______ strain
Control of rubella includes passive prophylaxis through human immunoglobulin and active immunization with live ______ strain
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The measles vaccine has been available for routine immunization since ______, with lifelong immunity and a 95% protective antibody after the 1st dose
The measles vaccine has been available for routine immunization since ______, with lifelong immunity and a 95% protective antibody after the 1st dose
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The measles vaccine is contraindicated in many immunocompromised patients and ______ women
The measles vaccine is contraindicated in many immunocompromised patients and ______ women
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The vaccine is effective in preventing congenital rubella and reducing the virus reservoir in the ______ population
The vaccine is effective in preventing congenital rubella and reducing the virus reservoir in the ______ population
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Measles still has a high incidence in infants in third world ______
Measles still has a high incidence in infants in third world ______
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85% of infants are affected during the 1st trimester, with manifestations such as intrauterine growth retardation and ______
85% of infants are affected during the 1st trimester, with manifestations such as intrauterine growth retardation and ______
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Measles may lead to persistent infection causing clinical problems later in life, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic ______
Measles may lead to persistent infection causing clinical problems later in life, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic ______
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Risk of structural abnormalities decreases with gestational age, with the highest risk in the 1st ______
Risk of structural abnormalities decreases with gestational age, with the highest risk in the 1st ______
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Measles virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, primarily via coughing and sneezing, and is only restricted to ______ infections
Measles virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, primarily via coughing and sneezing, and is only restricted to ______ infections
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The measles virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including nucleoprotein (N), viral polymerase protein (P and L), hemagglutinin (H), fusion (F), and ______ (M) proteins
The measles virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including nucleoprotein (N), viral polymerase protein (P and L), hemagglutinin (H), fusion (F), and ______ (M) proteins
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Measles virus replication involves virus attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, RNA replication, and maturation, with the cellular receptor being the ______ molecule
Measles virus replication involves virus attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, RNA replication, and maturation, with the cellular receptor being the ______ molecule
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Clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10-12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and the characteristic appearance of ______ spots
Clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10-12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and the characteristic appearance of ______ spots
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The appearance of a maculopapular rash is a key manifestation of generalized infection, typically starting on the face and head and spreading to the trunk and limbs within 24 to 48 ______
The appearance of a maculopapular rash is a key manifestation of generalized infection, typically starting on the face and head and spreading to the trunk and limbs within 24 to 48 ______
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Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, which is a major cause of ______-related mortality among young children
Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, which is a major cause of ______-related mortality among young children
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Recovery from measles typically occurs within 10-14 days, with the rash starting to fade and the temperature subsiding, followed by ______ of the skin
Recovery from measles typically occurs within 10-14 days, with the rash starting to fade and the temperature subsiding, followed by ______ of the skin
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Measles virus is shed from the nasopharynx during the prodrome until 3 to 4 days after the onset of the ______
Measles virus is shed from the nasopharynx during the prodrome until 3 to 4 days after the onset of the ______
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The virus can cause serious disease in natural species, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains enabling precise epidemiologic tracking of outbreaks and their origins through ______ analysis
The virus can cause serious disease in natural species, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains enabling precise epidemiologic tracking of outbreaks and their origins through ______ analysis
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Ongoing molecular surveillance is crucial for determining whether significant antigenic drifts evolve over ______
Ongoing molecular surveillance is crucial for determining whether significant antigenic drifts evolve over ______
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Measles is transmitted via ______ droplets
Measles is transmitted via ______ droplets
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The initial infection and replication of measles occur locally in the ______ and bronchial epithelial cells
The initial infection and replication of measles occur locally in the ______ and bronchial epithelial cells
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The primary viremia of measles occurs ______ to 4 days after exposure
The primary viremia of measles occurs ______ to 4 days after exposure
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The prodromal period of measles lasts for 2 or 3 days and is characterized by fever, sneezing, coughing, coryza, running nose, redness of the eyes, and ______ spots
The prodromal period of measles lasts for 2 or 3 days and is characterized by fever, sneezing, coughing, coryza, running nose, redness of the eyes, and ______ spots
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The appearance of measles rash starts on the head and spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______
The appearance of measles rash starts on the head and spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______
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The exanthem period of measles is characterized by a maculopapular rash and is a clear sign that a satisfactory immune response is in progress and recovery is on the way; conversely, the absence of rash, common in immunodeficient patients, is a bad prognostic sign as it indicates that no immune response is fighting off the ______
The exanthem period of measles is characterized by a maculopapular rash and is a clear sign that a satisfactory immune response is in progress and recovery is on the way; conversely, the absence of rash, common in immunodeficient patients, is a bad prognostic sign as it indicates that no immune response is fighting off the ______
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Atypical/modified measles occurs in partially immune persons, infants with residual maternal antibody, and is characterized by a prolonged incubation period, diminished prodromal symptoms, usually absent Koplik spots, and a ______ rash
Atypical/modified measles occurs in partially immune persons, infants with residual maternal antibody, and is characterized by a prolonged incubation period, diminished prodromal symptoms, usually absent Koplik spots, and a ______ rash
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Most measles-related deaths are caused by complications, and as high as 10% of measles cases result in death among populations with high levels of malnutrition and lack of adequate health care. Pneumonia, conjunctivitis, blindness, otitis media, diarrhea-dehydration, and encephalitis are all potential ______ of measles
Most measles-related deaths are caused by complications, and as high as 10% of measles cases result in death among populations with high levels of malnutrition and lack of adequate health care. Pneumonia, conjunctivitis, blindness, otitis media, diarrhea-dehydration, and encephalitis are all potential ______ of measles
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Giant cell pneumonia is a life-threatening infection occasionally seen in immunodeficient children during measles infection, and post-infection encephalitis occurs in 1/1000 cases, known as ______
Giant cell pneumonia is a life-threatening infection occasionally seen in immunodeficient children during measles infection, and post-infection encephalitis occurs in 1/1000 cases, known as ______
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The mean incubation period of measles is ______ days
The mean incubation period of measles is ______ days
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Measles replication occurs locally in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, and replication at the nasopharynx will cause the primary viremia to occur ______ to 4 days after exposure
Measles replication occurs locally in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, and replication at the nasopharynx will cause the primary viremia to occur ______ to 4 days after exposure
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The appearance of measles rash is characterized by light pink or dull red, discrete maculopapules that coalesce to form blotches and may have a purpuric appearance if severe, and starts on the head, spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______
The appearance of measles rash is characterized by light pink or dull red, discrete maculopapules that coalesce to form blotches and may have a purpuric appearance if severe, and starts on the head, spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______
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Statement 12
Statement 12
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Answer 12
Answer 12
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Statement 13
Statement 13
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Answer 13
Answer 13
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Statement 14
Statement 14
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Answer 14
Answer 14
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Statement 15
Statement 15
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Answer 15
Answer 15
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Statement 16
Statement 16
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Answer 16
Answer 16
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Statement 17
Statement 17
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Answer 17
Answer 17
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Statement 18
Statement 18
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Answer 18
Answer 18
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Statement 19
Statement 19
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Answer 19
Answer 19
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Study Notes
Measles Virus: Key Facts and Characteristics
- Measles remains a leading cause of death among young children globally, causing around 6 million deaths each year, with 164,000 deaths in 2008, mostly in children under 5 years old.
- The measles virus belongs to the Paramyxovirus family and is a human disease not known to occur in animals.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, primarily via coughing and sneezing, and is only restricted to human infections.
- The virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including nucleoprotein (N), viral polymerase protein (P and L), hemagglutinin (H), fusion (F), and matrix (M) proteins.
- Measles virus replication involves virus attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, RNA replication, and maturation, with the cellular receptor being the CD-46 molecule.
- Clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10-12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots.
- The appearance of a maculopapular rash is a key manifestation of generalized infection, typically starting on the face and head and spreading to the trunk and limbs within 24 to 48 hours.
- Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, which is a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children.
- Recovery from measles typically occurs within 10-14 days, with the rash starting to fade and the temperature subsiding, followed by desquamation of the skin.
- Measles virus is shed from the nasopharynx during the prodrome until 3 to 4 days after the onset of the rash.
- The virus can cause serious disease in natural species, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains enabling precise epidemiologic tracking of outbreaks and their origins through sequencing analysis.
- Ongoing molecular surveillance is crucial for determining whether significant antigenic drifts evolve over time.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the measles virus with this quiz. Explore key facts and characteristics, including transmission, clinical presentation, viral replication, and impact on immunosuppression. Learn about the importance of molecular surveillance in tracking outbreaks and variations in wild-type strains.
