Measles Virus Quiz

Measles is caused by a virus belonging to the genus

Mumps is characterized by swelling of the ______ glands

Rubella is also known as German ______

Measles infection can result in a progressive degenerative CNS disease called ________

______ is characterized by the onset of behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after an acute infection, typically occurring 4 to 17 years after the initial infection

Loss of intellectual capacity before motor activity is a characteristic of ________

______ also causes progressive mental deterioration, involuntary movements, muscular rigidity, and coma due to a defective form of measles virus in the brain cell, which is not able to produce M protein and was not released, only hid in the cell

The presence of ________ antibodies indicates immunity against measles

During the acute phase, replication of virus within monocytes and other WBC depresses cell-mediated response to other antigens. ________ T lymphocytes, specifically directed against measles and protein in infected cells, are important in the recovery process and also provide protection against subsequent infection

Patients with defective cell-mediated immunity do not develop ________

Serology (ELISA) is a widely used laboratory technique for detecting ________ or a four-fold increase in antibody, which is indicative of a viral disease

Measles is highly infectious and is transmitted via ________ droplets

The mortality rate of measles is increased in children younger than ________ and malnourished individuals

Measles becomes endemic only in countries with populations large enough to provide a continuing supply of susceptible children, and outbreaks may occur if there is a re-emergence of a new susceptible group of children. Without intervention, herd immunity is achieved when the majority of susceptible hosts have already contracted the disease. This is known as ________ immunity

Before widespread use of vaccines in developed countries, endemic infections punctuate every two to three years and attack the 3-5-year-old cohort. Due to vigorous vaccination campaigns, epidemics are rarely seen in ________ and European countries

Rubella is also known as German ______

Diagnosis of rubella requires ______ investigation as clinical diagnosis is unreliable

Congenital rubella syndrome can be diagnosed through viral isolation, specific IgM and IgG detection, and ______ detection

Treatment for rubella is mainly ______, with no specific therapy available for acquired or congenital infection

Control of rubella includes passive prophylaxis through human immunoglobulin and active immunization with live ______ strain

The measles vaccine has been available for routine immunization since ______, with lifelong immunity and a 95% protective antibody after the 1st dose

The measles vaccine is contraindicated in many immunocompromised patients and ______ women

The vaccine is effective in preventing congenital rubella and reducing the virus reservoir in the ______ population

Measles still has a high incidence in infants in third world ______

85% of infants are affected during the 1st trimester, with manifestations such as intrauterine growth retardation and ______

Measles may lead to persistent infection causing clinical problems later in life, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic ______

Risk of structural abnormalities decreases with gestational age, with the highest risk in the 1st ______

Measles virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, primarily via coughing and sneezing, and is only restricted to ______ infections

The measles virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including nucleoprotein (N), viral polymerase protein (P and L), hemagglutinin (H), fusion (F), and ______ (M) proteins

Measles virus replication involves virus attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, RNA replication, and maturation, with the cellular receptor being the ______ molecule

Clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10-12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and the characteristic appearance of ______ spots

The appearance of a maculopapular rash is a key manifestation of generalized infection, typically starting on the face and head and spreading to the trunk and limbs within 24 to 48 ______

Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, which is a major cause of ______-related mortality among young children

Recovery from measles typically occurs within 10-14 days, with the rash starting to fade and the temperature subsiding, followed by ______ of the skin

Measles virus is shed from the nasopharynx during the prodrome until 3 to 4 days after the onset of the ______

The virus can cause serious disease in natural species, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains enabling precise epidemiologic tracking of outbreaks and their origins through ______ analysis

Ongoing molecular surveillance is crucial for determining whether significant antigenic drifts evolve over ______

Measles is transmitted via ______ droplets

The initial infection and replication of measles occur locally in the ______ and bronchial epithelial cells

The primary viremia of measles occurs ______ to 4 days after exposure

The prodromal period of measles lasts for 2 or 3 days and is characterized by fever, sneezing, coughing, coryza, running nose, redness of the eyes, and ______ spots

The appearance of measles rash starts on the head and spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______

The exanthem period of measles is characterized by a maculopapular rash and is a clear sign that a satisfactory immune response is in progress and recovery is on the way; conversely, the absence of rash, common in immunodeficient patients, is a bad prognostic sign as it indicates that no immune response is fighting off the ______

Atypical/modified measles occurs in partially immune persons, infants with residual maternal antibody, and is characterized by a prolonged incubation period, diminished prodromal symptoms, usually absent Koplik spots, and a ______ rash

Most measles-related deaths are caused by complications, and as high as 10% of measles cases result in death among populations with high levels of malnutrition and lack of adequate health care. Pneumonia, conjunctivitis, blindness, otitis media, diarrhea-dehydration, and encephalitis are all potential ______ of measles

Giant cell pneumonia is a life-threatening infection occasionally seen in immunodeficient children during measles infection, and post-infection encephalitis occurs in 1/1000 cases, known as ______

The mean incubation period of measles is ______ days

Measles replication occurs locally in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, and replication at the nasopharynx will cause the primary viremia to occur ______ to 4 days after exposure

The appearance of measles rash is characterized by light pink or dull red, discrete maculopapules that coalesce to form blotches and may have a purpuric appearance if severe, and starts on the head, spreads progressively to the trunk, down the limbs in the next 2 days, and becomes brownish in 5 to 10 days with no ______

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