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Questions and Answers
Which virus is responsible for causing measles?
Which virus is responsible for causing measles?
What is the general term for the spikes on the surface of the mumps virus?
What is the general term for the spikes on the surface of the mumps virus?
Which virus is also known as the genus Morbillivirus?
Which virus is also known as the genus Morbillivirus?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
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True or False: Active immunization for Rubella gives lifelong immunity to an individual.
True or False: Active immunization for Rubella gives lifelong immunity to an individual.
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During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
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The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
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Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
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The following are complications associated with mumps EXCEPT:
The following are complications associated with mumps EXCEPT:
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Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
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The Urabe strain for Mumps vaccine has an appreciable incidence of post-vaccination meningitis. Mumps V antigen and S antigen both consist predominantly of nucleoprotein (NP).
The Urabe strain for Mumps vaccine has an appreciable incidence of post-vaccination meningitis. Mumps V antigen and S antigen both consist predominantly of nucleoprotein (NP).
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding measles?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding measles?
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Organogenesis period happens in what stage of pregnancy?
Organogenesis period happens in what stage of pregnancy?
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This method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis.
This method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis.
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What is the primary viremia period for measles infection?
What is the primary viremia period for measles infection?
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What is the prodromal period of measles characterized by?
What is the prodromal period of measles characterized by?
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What causes the appearance of the maculopapular rash during the exanthem period of measles?
What causes the appearance of the maculopapular rash during the exanthem period of measles?
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What is a clear sign during the exanthem period of measles that a satisfactory immune response is in progress?
What is a clear sign during the exanthem period of measles that a satisfactory immune response is in progress?
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What is a rare but life-threatening complication of measles?
What is a rare but life-threatening complication of measles?
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In which population are most measles-related deaths caused by complications more common?
In which population are most measles-related deaths caused by complications more common?
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What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
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Where does the initial replication of measles occur?
Where does the initial replication of measles occur?
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What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots, which are pathognomonic for measles?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots, which are pathognomonic for measles?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the measles rash?
What is the characteristic appearance of the measles rash?
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What is the most common cause of death in measles cases?
What is the most common cause of death in measles cases?
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What is the most common manifestation of congenital rubella?
What is the most common manifestation of congenital rubella?
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Which laboratory investigation is necessary for the diagnosis of congenital rubella?
Which laboratory investigation is necessary for the diagnosis of congenital rubella?
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What is the preferred method for diagnosing congenital rubella in infants?
What is the preferred method for diagnosing congenital rubella in infants?
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What is the recommended treatment for congenital rubella?
What is the recommended treatment for congenital rubella?
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What type of immunization is available for routine immunization against rubella?
What type of immunization is available for routine immunization against rubella?
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What percentage of protective antibody does the rubella vaccine provide after the 1st dose?
What percentage of protective antibody does the rubella vaccine provide after the 1st dose?
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Who is the rubella vaccine contraindicated for?
Who is the rubella vaccine contraindicated for?
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What is the purpose of passive prophylaxis for rubella?
What is the purpose of passive prophylaxis for rubella?
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What is the risk of structural abnormalities from rubella in the 1st trimester?
What is the risk of structural abnormalities from rubella in the 1st trimester?
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Which type of infection is more than 50% subclinical?
Which type of infection is more than 50% subclinical?
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What is the aim of active immunization with the rubella vaccine?
What is the aim of active immunization with the rubella vaccine?
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What is the most common manifestation of measles in infants in third world countries?
What is the most common manifestation of measles in infants in third world countries?
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Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
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What is the incubation period of measles?
What is the incubation period of measles?
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What is the primary mode of transmission of the measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission of the measles virus?
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Which protein is NOT encoded by the measles virus?
Which protein is NOT encoded by the measles virus?
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What is a characteristic sign of measles?
What is a characteristic sign of measles?
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What is the typical duration of recovery from measles?
What is the typical duration of recovery from measles?
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What is the major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
What is the major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
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What is the family to which the measles virus belongs?
What is the family to which the measles virus belongs?
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What is the characteristic rash pattern of measles?
What is the characteristic rash pattern of measles?
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What is the process involved in measles virus replication?
What is the process involved in measles virus replication?
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What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
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What is crucial in determining significant antigenic drifts of the measles virus over time?
What is crucial in determining significant antigenic drifts of the measles virus over time?
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Which type of immunity does natural infection with measles provide?
Which type of immunity does natural infection with measles provide?
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What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots, which are pathognomonic for measles?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots, which are pathognomonic for measles?
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What is the primary mode of transmission of the measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission of the measles virus?
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What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
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What laboratory investigation is necessary for the diagnosis of atypical measles?
What laboratory investigation is necessary for the diagnosis of atypical measles?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the measles rash?
What is the characteristic appearance of the measles rash?
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What is the incubation period of measles?
What is the incubation period of measles?
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What is the primary viremia period for measles infection?
What is the primary viremia period for measles infection?
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What is crucial in determining significant antigenic drifts of the measles virus over time?
What is crucial in determining significant antigenic drifts of the measles virus over time?
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What is the most common manifestation of measles in infants in third world countries?
What is the most common manifestation of measles in infants in third world countries?
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What is the risk of structural abnormalities from rubella in the 1st trimester?
What is the risk of structural abnormalities from rubella in the 1st trimester?
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What is the characteristic rash pattern of measles?
What is the characteristic rash pattern of measles?
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What is the characteristic sign that can be looked for in the diagnosis of measles using serology (ELISA)?
What is the characteristic sign that can be looked for in the diagnosis of measles using serology (ELISA)?
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What is the primary cause of serious secondary infections in measles patients?
What is the primary cause of serious secondary infections in measles patients?
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Which type of immunity confers lifelong immunity to measles?
Which type of immunity confers lifelong immunity to measles?
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What is the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in measles recovery and protection?
What is the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in measles recovery and protection?
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What is the most widely used laboratory technique for diagnosing atypical measles?
What is the most widely used laboratory technique for diagnosing atypical measles?
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What is the distribution of measles?
What is the distribution of measles?
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When does measles become communicable?
When does measles become communicable?
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What is the primary cause of mortality in measles?
What is the primary cause of mortality in measles?
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What is the primary means of transmission for measles?
What is the primary means of transmission for measles?
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What is the role of IgM antibodies in the diagnosis of measles?
What is the role of IgM antibodies in the diagnosis of measles?
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What is the primary method used for laboratory diagnosis of measles?
What is the primary method used for laboratory diagnosis of measles?
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What is the primary method of achieving herd immunity against measles?
What is the primary method of achieving herd immunity against measles?
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Study Notes
Measles Virus: Structure, Replication, and Clinical Presentation
- Measles remains a leading cause of death in young children globally, causing an estimated 6 million deaths annually, with 164,000 deaths in 2008, primarily affecting children under 5 years old.
- The measles virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is a human disease that does not occur in animals.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, spreading via coughing and sneezing through close personal contact.
- The measles virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including the nucleoprotein, viral polymerase protein, envelope H protein, F protein, and M protein.
- The virus attaches to the cellular receptor CD-46, and the receptor for measles virus is CD-46 or Membrane Cofactor Protein Regulator for complement activation.
- The viral replication process involves virus attachment, penetration, and uncoating, followed by transcription, translation, RNA replication, and maturation.
- Measles virus infection causes immunosuppression, predisposing individuals to secondary opportunistic infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children.
- The clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10 to 12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
- The appearance of Koplik's spots and a maculopapular rash on the face and head, which spreads rapidly to the trunk and limbs, are characteristic signs of measles.
- Other manifestations include bronchitis, pneumonitis, and occasionally diarrhea, with recovery typically occurring in 10-14 days with desquamation of the skin.
- Measles virus replication in tissue culture and certain organs of the intact organism is characterized by the formation of giant multinucleated cells (syncytium formation), resulting from the action of the viral spike F protein.
- Ongoing molecular surveillance is crucial in determining whether significant antigenic drifts evolve over time, enabling precise epidemiologic tracking of outbreaks and their origins.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the measles virus with this quiz on its structure, replication, and clinical presentation. Explore key facts about the virus, its transmission, structural proteins, replication process, clinical symptoms, and impact on public health.
