Questions and Answers
What microscope allows biologists to study the internal ultrastructure of cells with the finest resolution?
Transmission electron microscope
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
Protection
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
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In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
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What name is given to the rigid structure that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
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What is the selective barrier that allows nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave in bacteria?
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Which of the following clues would indicate if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
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Which organelle is correctly matched with its function?
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Which structure may be found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacteria?
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What correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell?
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A cell with an abundance of free ribosomes is most likely doing what?
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What event is associated with the breakdown of a food particle ingested by a cell forming a food vacuole?
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Which structure is the site of synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell?
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Which structure is primarily involved in the detoxification of many poisons and drugs in liver cells?
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What describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?
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What are the key innovations shared by eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors?
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What common traits do chloroplasts and mitochondria share?
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A cell has enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, the plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from what type of organism?
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In an animal cell, where may DNA be found?
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Where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells, in light of the endosymbiont theory?
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What are the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells composed of?
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Which function is NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
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Motor proteins interact with what types of cellular structures for molecular transport?
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What arrangement of microtubules is associated with eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia?
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Which cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
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What is the primary role of desmosomes?
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What aids in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells?
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What is a correct statement about extracellular structures?
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What is a common characteristic of the cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells?
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How can ions travel directly between the cytoplasm of one animal cell and that of another?
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Which structure is common to both plant and animal cells?
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Which structure-function pair is MISMATCHED?
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Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.
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Study Notes
Cellular Structures and Organelles
- Transmission Electron Microscope provides the finest resolution for examining internal ultrastructure of cells.
- Fimbriae are surface appendages that enable bacteria to adhere to surfaces.
- Capsules serve as a protective layer for bacteria.
- DNA in Bacteria is located in the nucleoid region; bacteria do not have a nucleus.
- Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in bacteria, manufacturing polypeptides.
Cell Walls and Membranes
- The Cell Wall is a rigid structure outside the plasma membrane that supports and surrounds bacterial cells.
- The Plasma Membrane acts as a selective barrier regulating nutrient entry and waste exit.
- Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells: The presence of internal membranous compartmentalization distinguishes eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Organelles
- The Central Vacuole in plant cells primarily functions in storage, while animals have multiple smaller vacuoles.
- The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is present in eukaryotic cells; absent in bacteria.
- The Nuclear Envelope is continuous with the ER in eukaryotic cells.
- Rough ER is responsible for synthesizing proteins designated for export.
- The Smooth ER plays a key role in detoxification processes, particularly abundant in liver cells.
Golgi Apparatus and Protein Processing
- The Golgi Apparatus is involved in protein modification and sorting.
Evolutionary Connections
- Ribosomes are common to both eukaryotic cells and their prokaryotic ancestors.
- Chloroplasts and Mitochondria both possess their own DNA, indicating a shared evolutionary trait.
Cellular Metabolism and Energy
- In eukaryotic cells, ATP synthesis occurs primarily on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- In prokaryotic cells, ATP synthesis likely takes place on the plasma membrane, in line with the endosymbiont theory.
Cytoskeleton and Cellular Movement
- Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules.
- The cytoskeleton is not responsible for the movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; RNA exits via nuclear pores.
- Motor proteins facilitate transportation within cells by interacting with cytoskeletal structures.
Cell Junctions and Extracellular Structures
- Tight Junctions form barriers that prevent material passage between cells.
- Desmosomes function to bind animal cells together, acting as anchoring junctions.
- Gap Junctions enable coordination of activities between adjacent animal cells by allowing material passage.
- Extracellular structures, such as plant cell walls and the extracellular matrix of animal cells, transmit information to the cytoplasm.
Commonalities Among Cells
- All extracellular structures, including cell walls and the extracellular matrix, are polymers synthesized in the cytoplasm.
- Gap Junctions facilitate direct ion transfer between adjacent animal cells.
- Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria as a shared structure.
- Microtubules are mismatched with muscle contraction; microfilaments are responsible for that function.
Cellular Respiration
- Both plant and animal cells perform cellular respiration, generating ATP through mitochondria.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cellular structures and organelles with this quiz. Explore the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the functions of various organelles, and the characteristics of bacteria. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of cell biology.
