Cellular Respiration Quiz

The process cells use to extract energy from organic molecules to produce ATP, which powers cellular work.

The process of cellular respiration that uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and produce ATP.

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between reactants, where one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).

The loss of electrons by a substance during a redox reaction.

The gain of electrons by a substance during a redox reaction.

The substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction (becomes oxidized).

The substance that accepts electrons in a redox reaction (becomes reduced).

An enzyme that removes hydrogen atoms (and their electrons) from a specific organic molecule.

A simple sugar that serves as a primary fuel source for cellular respiration.

NAD+ accepts electrons from organic molecules, acting as an oxidizing agent in cellular respiration.

NADH stores energy from food, used to make ATP.

A series of steps where electrons are passed, releasing energy to make ATP.

Process making most of ATP, powered by redox reactions.

Breaks down glucose to pyruvate.

Completes glucose breakdown.

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation.

Uncontrolled releases heat and light, controlled releases energy for ATP synthesis.

Series of steps passing electrons, yielding energy for ATP regeneration.

Chemical that accepts electrons and becomes reduced.

Series of protein complexes that transfer electrons, creating a H+ gradient used for ATP synthesis.

Process of ATP synthesis driven by a H+ gradient across a membrane.

H+ gradient across a membrane that stores potential energy used (for ATP generation).

Process that regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis, producing ATP without oxygen.

Protein that uses the energy of a H+ gradient to produce ATP.

Process that uses a substance other than oxygen in an electron transport chain to make ATP.

Breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules. Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to pyruvate in the absence or presence of oxygen.

Completes energy oxidation of organic molecules, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Occurs in mitochondrial matrix.

Fermentation pathway producing lactate as an end product, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

ATP is made by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Fermentation pathway producing ethanol and CO2, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.

Series of proteins that accept and donate electrons, ultimately creating a proton gradient for ATP. Located in the cristae of mitochondria.

Uses energy from electron transport chain to produce ATP via chemiosmosis.

Process where cells extract energy from food molecules using electron transport chains.

Bridge between glycolysis and citric acid cycle.

End product of glycolysis. Converted to acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle.

Early stages of glycolysis, where energy is consumed to prepare glucose for breakdown.

Later stages of glycolysis, where energy is released and ATP is generated.

Infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Site of electron transport chain.

Different processes use different molecules to accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. Some use organic molecules like pyruvate, while others use oxygen.

Fermentation yields only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule

A type of organism that needs no oxygen to survive; it is harmed by oxygen.

An organism capable of performing fermentation or respiration, depending on the presence or absence of oxygen.

Pyruvate is a key junction point in metabolism, leading to either fermentation or cellular respiration, depending on the cellular environment.

Metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process.