28 Questions
Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What is the main purpose of oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration?
To produce ATP using the energy from electron transport chain
What is the key difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
Source of phosphate group
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
Oxygen
What is the main difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Requirement of oxygen
What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
Harvest energy from carbohydrates to produce ATP
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
Oxygen
What process creates a H+ gradient with increasing H+ in the intermembrane space?
Chemiosmosis
What is the initial reactant necessary for the ETC to start?
NADH
Which protein ultimately produces ATP in the ETC?
ATP synthase
What is the overall product of cellular respiration?
Water, CO2, and ATP
What is the ancient and universal energy-harvesting process of life?
Glycolysis
What is the main function of fermentation?
Harvesting chemical energy from pyruvate without oxygen
What do obligate anaerobes require for energy production?
Anaerobic conditions
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in fermentation?
2
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To break down sugar to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
What is the difference between respiration and cellular respiration?
Respiration is the breathing process, while cellular respiration is an oxygen-requiring energy-harvesting process
Which electron carriers play a crucial role in cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH2
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of the cell
What is the process of glycolysis?
The splitting of glucose into pyruvate with the production of ATP and NADH
What occurs in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
ATP is consumed to phosphorylate glucose
What is the main product of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH2
What is the net total ATP produced from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis?
2 ATP
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
What inhibits the enzyme phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
High ATP levels
What is the primary function of oxidative phosphorylation?
Produce ATP
What is the total of NADH molecules produced from one turn in citric acid cycle?
3 NADH
How many NADH produced from 2 turns in citric acid cycle?
6 NADH
Study Notes
Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, and can happen with or without oxygen.
- Glycolysis is regulated by negative feedback inhibition of the enzyme phosphofructokinase, with high ATP levels inhibiting the enzyme.
- Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle follow glycolysis, occurring in the mitochondrial matrix, and they complete the oxidation and breakdown of glucose.
- The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, generates CO2 and many NADH and FADH2 molecules, essential for the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation.
- The citric acid cycle is regulated by feedback inhibition, with reaction rates being high when ATP and NADH are scarce.
- One turn of the citric acid cycle generates CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2, while two turns generate CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.
- Oxidative phosphorylation involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, where NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to produce ATP.
- The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which moves electrons down a hill toward oxygen, ultimately producing water.
- The net total products from one starting molecule of glucose include 4 ATP from glycolysis, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP from the citric acid cycle.
- Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis, where high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are used to produce ATP.
- The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane, moving electrons toward oxygen to produce ATP.
- Oxidative phosphorylation involves NADH and FADH2 delivering electrons to protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane, leading to the production of ATP.
Test your knowledge of cellular respiration with this quiz covering the key processes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Explore the regulation of these pathways, the generation of ATP, and the role of NADH and FADH2 in energy production.
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