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Questions and Answers
For each molecule of glucose, what is the total production of acetyl CoA, which is crucial for the Krebs cycle?
For each molecule of glucose, what is the total production of acetyl CoA, which is crucial for the Krebs cycle?
- 4
- 1
- 2 (correct)
- 3
Which of the following processes directly extracts electrons from the citric acid cycle for use by the electron transport chain?
Which of the following processes directly extracts electrons from the citric acid cycle for use by the electron transport chain?
- Decarboxylation of oxaloacetate
- Hydrolysis of ATP
- Oxidation of pyruvate
- Reduction of FAD and NAD+ (correct)
Which condition would most likely reduce the flow of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle?
Which condition would most likely reduce the flow of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle?
- High concentration of NADH (correct)
- Low concentration of ATP
- High concentration of ADP
- Low concentration of AMP
What is the primary force that drives the rotation of the ATP synthase motor during ATP production?
What is the primary force that drives the rotation of the ATP synthase motor during ATP production?
How does the energy level at which NADH enters the electron transport chain compare to that of FADH2?
How does the energy level at which NADH enters the electron transport chain compare to that of FADH2?
What cellular condition would LEAST favor increased activity of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
What cellular condition would LEAST favor increased activity of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?
What is a primary difference in pH levels among the intracellular compartments of the mitochondria and the surrounding cytosol?
What is a primary difference in pH levels among the intracellular compartments of the mitochondria and the surrounding cytosol?
What are the two main products from glucose oxidation that are essential inputs for oxidative phosphorylation?
What are the two main products from glucose oxidation that are essential inputs for oxidative phosphorylation?
How does an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria affect ATP production?
How does an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria affect ATP production?
How do the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis affect the pH levels in the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix?
How do the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis affect the pH levels in the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix?
Flashcards
Acetyl CoA from Glucose
Acetyl CoA from Glucose
Two molecules of acetyl CoA are produced from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration.
Electron Extraction
Electron Extraction
Electrons are extracted by reducing FAD and NAD+ during the citric acid cycle.
Inhibiting Pyruvate Entry
Inhibiting Pyruvate Entry
High concentrations of NADH inhibit pyruvate entry into the citric acid cycle.
ATP Synthase Power
ATP Synthase Power
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Energy State of NADH vs. FADH2
Energy State of NADH vs. FADH2
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High ADP Favors ETC
High ADP Favors ETC
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Mitochondrial Matrix pH
Mitochondrial Matrix pH
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Products for Oxidative Phosphorylation
Products for Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Increased H+ Effect
Increased H+ Effect
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Acidity in Mitochondria
Acidity in Mitochondria
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Study Notes
- Two molecules of acetyl CoA are produced from one molecule of glucose for participation in the Krebs cycle.
- Electrons are extracted from the citric acid cycle via the reduction of FAD and NAD+.
- High cellular concentrations of NADH inhibit the entry of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle.
- The H+ gradient powers the ATP synthase rotary motor.
- NADH enters the electron transport chain at a higher energy state than FADH2.
- Increased activity of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is favored by high ADP concentration.
- The pH of the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the cytosol and intermembrane space.
- NADH and FADH2 are essential products of glucose oxidation for oxidative phosphorylation.
- Increased levels of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria result in increased ATP production.
- The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis increase the acidity of the intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix.
- A mitochondrial membrane that is more permeable to hydrogen ions than normal results in an increased level of inorganic phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Cyanide, which inhibits the electron transport chain, immediately prevents the reduction of oxygen.
- Inhibiting NADH production would have the greatest negative impact on ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation.
- The proton pump in oxidative phosphorylation creates a gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, generating potential energy.
- A change in NADP+ and NADPH would NOT be expected to alter the NAD+:NADH ratio.
- A primary difference between NAD+ and FAD is that NAD+ accepts one hydrogen, and FAD accepts two hydrogens.
- Inhibiting the dehydrogenase enzyme that converts NADH to NAD+ would result in all adverse implications except for a faster rate of electron transfer in the electron transport chain.
- Glycolysis, where glucose is broken down, occurs in the cytosol.
- Pyruvate from glycolysis is transformed into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria.
- The citric acid cycle modifies acetyl CoA in the mitochondria to produce energy precursors.
- Oxidative phosphorylation, where electron transport leads to ADP phosphorylation, occurs in the mitochondria.
- The citric acid cycle captures energy from acetyl CoA and traps it in high-energy intermediate molecules.
- This trapped energy is then passed on to oxidative phosphorylation, where it is converted to ATP for cellular energy.
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