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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
What is produced during the Krebs cycle for each pyruvate that is processed?
What is produced during the Krebs cycle for each pyruvate that is processed?
During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP generated?
During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP generated?
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Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true?
Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true?
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What is the primary role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
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In glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are generated in total?
In glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are generated in total?
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During the citric acid cycle, what are the primary products formed from one cycle of pyruvic acid?
During the citric acid cycle, what are the primary products formed from one cycle of pyruvic acid?
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What process occurs in the mitochondria after glycolysis?
What process occurs in the mitochondria after glycolysis?
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What is the function of FAD in cellular respiration?
What is the function of FAD in cellular respiration?
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What is generated as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain?
What is generated as electrons are passed through the electron transport chain?
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Where does glycolysis occur within a eukaryotic cell?
Where does glycolysis occur within a eukaryotic cell?
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What is a significant contribution of NADH produced during glycolysis?
What is a significant contribution of NADH produced during glycolysis?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP (energy).
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, producing 30-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs without oxygen, only glycolysis occurs producing a low amount of ATP (2 ATP).
Stages of Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules. Produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
- Pyruvate Oxidation (Preparatory Reaction): Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA. Produces 2 NADH and releases CO2.
- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, acetyl CoA enters the cycle, releasing CO2 and producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
- Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis: Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed down a chain, generating a proton gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce a large amount of ATP (30-38). Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, forming water.
Reactants and Products
- Aerobic: Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen. Products: Carbon dioxide, Water, and 30-38 ATP.
- Anaerobic: Reactants: Glucose. Products: Lactic acid (animals) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast), and 2 ATP.
Locations
- Glycolysis: Cytoplasm
- Pyruvate Oxidation: Mitochondrial Matrix
- Citric Acid Cycle: Mitochondrial Matrix
- Electron Transport Chain: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
ATP Synthase
- Enzyme that generates ATP during the electron transport chain
- Uses the proton gradient to catalyze ATP production
Mitochondria
- The powerhouses of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place in eukaryotes.
- Double membrane structure.
- Matrix (inner compartment): Location of Krebs cycle and pyruvate oxidation.
- Cristae: Infoldings of the inner membrane that increase surface area for the ETC.
- Intermembrane space: the space between the outer and inner membranes, where the proton gradient is established for ATP production.
Importance of Oxygen
- Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
- Without oxygen, cellular respiration cannot proceed efficiently, and cells resort to anaerobic respiration (fermentation). This yields much less energy.
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Description
Explore the essential processes of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Understand the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and learn how ATP is produced from glucose. This quiz will reinforce your knowledge of energy production in cells.
