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Questions and Answers
What process describes the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi, requiring energy input?
What process describes the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi, requiring energy input?
- Phosphorylation
- Oxidation
- Condensation (correct)
- Hydrolysis
In metabolic reactions, what is the function of phosphorylating intermediates?
In metabolic reactions, what is the function of phosphorylating intermediates?
- To prevent further reactions
- To make them more reactive (correct)
- To make them less reactive
- To store energy
During muscle contraction, what is the direct role of ATP hydrolysis?
During muscle contraction, what is the direct role of ATP hydrolysis?
- To inhibit actin and myosin interaction
- To provide energy for the 'power stroke' (correct)
- To elongate the muscle fibers
- To cool down muscle cells
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of purposes of ATP in a cell as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of purposes of ATP in a cell as described in the text?
Besides kinetic energy (muscle contraction), ATP can be converted to which form of energy?
Besides kinetic energy (muscle contraction), ATP can be converted to which form of energy?
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur, as mentioned in relation to cellular respiration?
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur, as mentioned in relation to cellular respiration?
What distinguishes aerobic respiration, from anaerobic respiration, according to the text?
What distinguishes aerobic respiration, from anaerobic respiration, according to the text?
What is released during the Hydrolysis of ATP?
What is released during the Hydrolysis of ATP?
What is the primary end product of anaerobic respiration in humans when oxygen is absent?
What is the primary end product of anaerobic respiration in humans when oxygen is absent?
What is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
What is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Which of the following best characterizes the ATP yield of anaerobic respiration?
Which of the following best characterizes the ATP yield of anaerobic respiration?
In what type of environment might one expect anaerobic respiration to be predominate?
In what type of environment might one expect anaerobic respiration to be predominate?
Why do high-intensity exercises often rely on anaerobic respiration?
Why do high-intensity exercises often rely on anaerobic respiration?
What is the typical timeframe during which anaerobic respiration can sustain energy production during intense activity?
What is the typical timeframe during which anaerobic respiration can sustain energy production during intense activity?
What is the primary reason the body switches to anaerobic respiration during very intense exercise?
What is the primary reason the body switches to anaerobic respiration during very intense exercise?
Besides ATP, what is another primary product of anaerobic respiration during intense physical activity?
Besides ATP, what is another primary product of anaerobic respiration during intense physical activity?
What is the primary function of ATP in a cell?
What is the primary function of ATP in a cell?
Why is energy transferred to ATP in small, controlled steps during cellular respiration?
Why is energy transferred to ATP in small, controlled steps during cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration produces ATP from ADP and Pi. What is the source that provides the energy for this transformation?
Cellular respiration produces ATP from ADP and Pi. What is the source that provides the energy for this transformation?
What is the relationship between breathing and cellular respiration?
What is the relationship between breathing and cellular respiration?
Which best describes the movement of ATP into cells?
Which best describes the movement of ATP into cells?
What happens to ATP after it releases energy for a cell's processes?
What happens to ATP after it releases energy for a cell's processes?
The covalent bond involved in ATP stores chemical energy. How is this bond broken to release it?
The covalent bond involved in ATP stores chemical energy. How is this bond broken to release it?
Which of these is not a property that makes ATP suitable as an energy source?
Which of these is not a property that makes ATP suitable as an energy source?
What is the primary role of organic compounds in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of organic compounds in cellular respiration?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of a respirometer?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of a respirometer?
Which of the following best describes the process occurring during cellular respiration?
Which of the following best describes the process occurring during cellular respiration?
In a typical respirometer setup, what is the purpose of the substance that absorbs carbon dioxide?
In a typical respirometer setup, what is the purpose of the substance that absorbs carbon dioxide?
What molecule is directly produced when a phosphate group is attached to ADP?
What molecule is directly produced when a phosphate group is attached to ADP?
During cellular respiration, which of these processes is more efficient (produces more ATP)?
During cellular respiration, which of these processes is more efficient (produces more ATP)?
Which of the following is NOT a source of organic compounds used for energy production in cellular respiration?
Which of the following is NOT a source of organic compounds used for energy production in cellular respiration?
What role does the fluid in the capillary tube play within a respirometer?
What role does the fluid in the capillary tube play within a respirometer?
What is the ultimate source of energy required to produce ATP during cellular respiration?
What is the ultimate source of energy required to produce ATP during cellular respiration?
Which of the following describes a waste product of anaerobic respiration in certain organisms?
Which of the following describes a waste product of anaerobic respiration in certain organisms?
What is the significance of sealing a respirometer system?
What is the significance of sealing a respirometer system?
Mitochondria are required for which type of respiration?
Mitochondria are required for which type of respiration?
What is the role of enzymes in the process of cellular respiration?
What is the role of enzymes in the process of cellular respiration?
Which of the following substances serves as an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Which of the following substances serves as an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
During cellular respiration, what molecules are produced in addition to ATP?
During cellular respiration, what molecules are produced in addition to ATP?
What factor can be investigated using a respirometer?
What factor can be investigated using a respirometer?
What is the primary purpose of using a water bath with the respirometer?
What is the primary purpose of using a water bath with the respirometer?
Why is potassium hydroxide (KOH) included in the respirometer setup?
Why is potassium hydroxide (KOH) included in the respirometer setup?
If the organisms in the right-hand chamber of the respirometer are respiring, what should happen to the fluid in the capillary tube?
If the organisms in the right-hand chamber of the respirometer are respiring, what should happen to the fluid in the capillary tube?
Which of these is NOT a factor that can be investigated using a respirometer?
Which of these is NOT a factor that can be investigated using a respirometer?
In the simulation, what is the recommended initial number of seeds to use for an experiment?
In the simulation, what is the recommended initial number of seeds to use for an experiment?
What does the change in the water level in the capillary tube indicate?
What does the change in the water level in the capillary tube indicate?
Assuming all other factors are controlled, what would an increased rate of respiration in the respirometer most likely cause?
Assuming all other factors are controlled, what would an increased rate of respiration in the respirometer most likely cause?
If the initial water level in the respirometer tube is 5 ml and after 10 minutes the new level is 7.5 ml, what best represents the volume of oxygen consumed by the organisms?
If the initial water level in the respirometer tube is 5 ml and after 10 minutes the new level is 7.5 ml, what best represents the volume of oxygen consumed by the organisms?
Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
The process by which cells break down organic compounds to produce energy in the form of ATP.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
A high-energy molecule used by cells as the primary energy source. It is produced during cellular respiration.
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to produce energy.
Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
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Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
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Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis
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Fatty Acid Oxidation
Fatty Acid Oxidation
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ATP hydrolysis
ATP hydrolysis
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ATP synthesis
ATP synthesis
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Breathing
Breathing
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Energy transfer in small steps
Energy transfer in small steps
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Properties of ATP
Properties of ATP
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ATP Condensation
ATP Condensation
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Main uses of ATP
Main uses of ATP
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Synthesizing Macromolecules
Synthesizing Macromolecules
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Anaerobic Respiration (Without Oxygen)
Anaerobic Respiration (Without Oxygen)
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Lactic Acid
Lactic Acid
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Pyruvate
Pyruvate
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Quick ATP Production
Quick ATP Production
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Oxygen-Deprived Environments
Oxygen-Deprived Environments
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Measuring cellular respiration
Measuring cellular respiration
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Respirometer
Respirometer
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CO2 absorption in respirometer
CO2 absorption in respirometer
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Capillary tube in respirometer
Capillary tube in respirometer
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Factors affecting respiration rate
Factors affecting respiration rate
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Rate of respiration
Rate of respiration
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What is a respirometer?
What is a respirometer?
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How does the fluid in the capillary tube move during respiration?
How does the fluid in the capillary tube move during respiration?
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Why is potassium hydroxide (KOH) used in a respirometer?
Why is potassium hydroxide (KOH) used in a respirometer?
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What factors can be investigated using a respirometer?
What factors can be investigated using a respirometer?
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Why is the respirometer immersed in a water bath?
Why is the respirometer immersed in a water bath?
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How is respiration rate calculated using a respirometer?
How is respiration rate calculated using a respirometer?
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What needs to be kept constant in a respirometer experiment?
What needs to be kept constant in a respirometer experiment?
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Why keep a specific number of seeds or organisms?
Why keep a specific number of seeds or organisms?
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Study Notes
Cell Respiration
- Cell respiration is the process by which organisms release energy from organic compounds using enzymes to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
- ATP is the main energy currency of cells. It is a nucleotide comprised of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
- Energy released from organic compounds (e.g., glucose, fatty acids) is transferred to ATP in small, manageable steps, minimizing heat loss.
- The main substrates for cell respiration are glucose and fatty acids, but different organic compounds can also be used.
- Cell respiration occurs in the mitochondria but glycolysis, the initial step, happens in the cytoplasm.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, and anaerobic respiration does not.
- Anaerobic respiration yields less ATP than aerobic respiration.
- Anaerobic respiration is important in situations where oxygen is in short supply
- Important locations for anaerobic respiration are in rapidly working muscles and in waterlogged soils.
- Substances that the cells use in respiration are called substrates. Example of these substrates are blood glucose and fatty acid.
- Metabolic reactions use ATP as energy source, and it is involved in the synthesising of macromolecules.
- ATP can be used for cell movements, and active transport.
- Respiration can be measured using a respirometer.
- A respirometer contains an organism in a sealed chamber with a carbon dioxide absorber, a capillary tube, and a coloured liquid.
- The movement of the liquid in the capillary tube is measured to determine the rate of respiration.
ATP as Energy Currency
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide that stores and releases energy in cells, making it the cell's energy currency.
- ATP releases energy when a phosphate group is removed.
- The breakdown of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) releases energy.
- This energy is used to drive various cell processes.
- ATP is small and mobile, and it fits well into cells due to facilitated diffusion.
- ATP is a highly reactive molecule, making it effective for cell processes. Its structure allows it to store energy in high-energy phosphate bonds.
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration
-
Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
- Produces 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule, efficiently releasing energy.
- Occurs in the mitochondrion, using a multi-step process.
-
Anaerobic respiration: Does not require oxygen.
- Produces much less ATP (2 ATP per glucose molecule) than aerobic respiration.
- In humans, the product of this respiration is lactic acid.
-
The loss of mass during fermentation comes through the conversion of sugars into gasses.
Factors Influencing Respiration Rate in Various Organisms
- Environmental factors like temperature can affect respiration rate. There is a high correlation between temperature and respiration rate, with increases in temperature leading to similar increases in respiration rate.
- Respiration rate is measured by changes in the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide or by the use of respirometers.
- Using a respirometer, scientists can measure the amount of oxygen uptake or carbon dioxide production by an organism to gauge the respiration rate.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cellular respiration and ATP production through this quiz. Explore the processes of glycolysis, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, and the role of ATP in muscle contraction. Suitable for students studying biology at various levels.
