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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
Which of the following is produced during glycolysis?
What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?
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What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
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What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?
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What is the final product formed when oxygen accepts electrons in the ETC?
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Which process requires oxygen as a part of cellular respiration?
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What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration?
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Which of the following occurs during alcoholic fermentation?
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Which substance is generated from pyruvic acid during lactic acid fermentation?
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Where does anaerobic respiration primarily occur within a cell?
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What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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In the Krebs cycle, what intermediates are primarily produced that carry electrons to the electron transport chain?
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What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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Which of the following best describes an outcome of fermentation processes?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is a process that converts nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
- The overall equation for cellular respiration is: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
- There are two ways to break down food: anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation) and aerobic cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
- Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is an anaerobic process.
- Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
- NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen) is produced and carries high energy electrons to the ETC.
Aerobic Respiration
- Location: Mitochondria
- Aerobic process – requires oxygen.
- Balanced equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
- Two processes: Krebs cycle and ETC
Krebs Cycle
- Also called citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle
- Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- Pyruvate is oxidized to produce ATP and CO2.
- Electron carriers produced: FADH2 and NADH.
- Net of 2 ATP are formed (1 from each pyruvic acid from glycolysis)
Electron Transport Chain
- Location: cristae (inner membranes) of the mitochondria.
- Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) release their high energy electrons to carrier membrane proteins.
- H+ ions move through ATP synthase channel to generate ATP.
- Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the chain and combines with the H+ ions to form water (H2O).
Anaerobic Respiration
- Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
- Anaerobic process
- Starts with glycolysis (same as Aerobic respiration)
- After glycolysis:
- Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid. Bacteria produce dairy products with lactic acid.
- Alcoholic Fermentation – Yeast cells produce CO2 and ethanol.
- Total ATP produced is: 2 (from glycolysis, not fermentation)
Anaerobic Respiration: Alcoholic Respiration
- Glucose is converted to alcohol.
- Usually occurs in bacteria and yeast.
Anaerobic Respiration: Lactic Acid Fermentation
- NADH formed during glycolysis transfers its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate, producing lactate or lactic acid.
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Description
Explore the fascinating process of cellular respiration, which converts nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This quiz covers key topics such as glycolysis, aerobic respiration, and the Krebs cycle. Test your knowledge on the equations and components involved in these essential biological processes.
