Cellular Respiration Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

To eliminate carbon dioxide

To produce glucose

To produce oxygen

To generate ATP (correct)

Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm (correct)

Which of the following is produced during glycolysis?

Glucose

Pyruvic Acid (correct)

CO2

Acetyl Coenzyme A

What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?

It is converted into acetyl-CoA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

To carry high energy electrons to the ETC Signup and view all the answers

What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

36 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product formed when oxygen accepts electrons in the ETC?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which process requires oxygen as a part of cellular respiration?

Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration?

To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs during alcoholic fermentation?

Glucose is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is generated from pyruvic acid during lactic acid fermentation?

Lactate Signup and view all the answers

Where does anaerobic respiration primarily occur within a cell?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

In the Krebs cycle, what intermediates are primarily produced that carry electrons to the electron transport chain?

FADH2 and NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an outcome of fermentation processes?

Production of ATP without an electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a process that converts nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
The overall equation for cellular respiration is: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
There are two ways to break down food: anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation) and aerobic cellular respiration.

Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is an anaerobic process.
Glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen) is produced and carries high energy electrons to the ETC.

Aerobic Respiration

Location: Mitochondria
Aerobic process – requires oxygen.
Balanced equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
Two processes: Krebs cycle and ETC

Krebs Cycle

Also called citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
Pyruvate is oxidized to produce ATP and CO2.
Electron carriers produced: FADH2 and NADH.
Net of 2 ATP are formed (1 from each pyruvic acid from glycolysis)

Electron Transport Chain

Location: cristae (inner membranes) of the mitochondria.
Electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) release their high energy electrons to carrier membrane proteins.
H+ ions move through ATP synthase channel to generate ATP.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the chain and combines with the H+ ions to form water (H2O).

Anaerobic Respiration

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Anaerobic process
Starts with glycolysis (same as Aerobic respiration)
After glycolysis:
- Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid. Bacteria produce dairy products with lactic acid.
- Alcoholic Fermentation – Yeast cells produce CO2 and ethanol.
Total ATP produced is: 2 (from glycolysis, not fermentation)

Anaerobic Respiration: Alcoholic Respiration

Glucose is converted to alcohol.
Usually occurs in bacteria and yeast.

Anaerobic Respiration: Lactic Acid Fermentation

NADH formed during glycolysis transfers its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate, producing lactate or lactic acid.

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Description

Explore the fascinating process of cellular respiration, which converts nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This quiz covers key topics such as glycolysis, aerobic respiration, and the Krebs cycle. Test your knowledge on the equations and components involved in these essential biological processes.