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Questions and Answers
What is produced during alcoholic fermentation that causes dough to rise?
What is produced during alcoholic fermentation that causes dough to rise?
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
True (A)
What is lactic acid a product of?
What is lactic acid a product of?
Partial breakdown of glucose in muscle cells
During anaerobic respiration, oxygen is ________.
During anaerobic respiration, oxygen is ________.
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Match the following processes with their products:
Match the following processes with their products:
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What is the main product of cellular respiration?
What is the main product of cellular respiration?
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Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
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What are the two types of cellular respiration?
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
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If oxygen is not required, the respiration process is called _____________.
If oxygen is not required, the respiration process is called _____________.
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Which process occurs only in plants?
Which process occurs only in plants?
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Match the following processes with their characteristics:
Match the following processes with their characteristics:
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Fermentation occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
Fermentation occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
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The process of cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms and is the opposite of _____________.
The process of cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms and is the opposite of _____________.
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What is considered the major energy source of the cell?
What is considered the major energy source of the cell?
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Glycolysis occurs only during anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis occurs only during anaerobic respiration.
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How many ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
How many ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule during glycolysis?
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During the preparatory phase of the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted into ______.
During the preparatory phase of the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted into ______.
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Match the following components of aerobic respiration with their respective functions:
Match the following components of aerobic respiration with their respective functions:
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How many times is the Krebs cycle completed for each original glucose molecule?
How many times is the Krebs cycle completed for each original glucose molecule?
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The breakdown of pyruvate during glycolysis yields 2 NADH molecules.
The breakdown of pyruvate during glycolysis yields 2 NADH molecules.
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What is the primary role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
What is the primary role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
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What is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
What is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in anaerobic respiration.
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in anaerobic respiration.
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What is produced from pyruvate in the prep stage of aerobic respiration?
What is produced from pyruvate in the prep stage of aerobic respiration?
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During anaerobic respiration, only ____ molecules of ATP are produced from glycolysis.
During anaerobic respiration, only ____ molecules of ATP are produced from glycolysis.
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Match the following fermentation types with their characteristics:
Match the following fermentation types with their characteristics:
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Which process involves the extraction of energy from pyruvate without oxygen?
Which process involves the extraction of energy from pyruvate without oxygen?
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Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
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What are the by-products of alcoholic fermentation?
What are the by-products of alcoholic fermentation?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Cellular respiration is the process where cells break down glucose to release energy for the cell's use
- This process happens in the mitochondria
- It produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
- ATP is the cell's primary energy source
Cellular Respiration Stages
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Glycolysis: The first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
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Prep Stage (Transition Reaction): Before entering the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA. This step produces 2 CO2 molecules for each glucose molecule.
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Krebs Cycle: Completes the breakdown of glucose, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 molecules per glucose molecule. Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
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Electron Transport Chain (ETC): The final stage of aerobic respiration. The ETC uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to generate a large amount of ATP. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor to produce water. Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Types of Cellular Respiration
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Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation):
- Takes place in the absence of oxygen (O2)
- Produces a small amount of ATP compared to aerobic respiration
- The process ends with glycolysis; pyruvate is converted into other products, such as ethyl alcohol and CO2 (alcoholic fermentation) or lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation)
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Aerobic Respiration:
- Occurs in the presence of oxygen (O2)
- Produces a large amount of ATP (approximately 38 molecules per glucose molecule).
- Involves the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain
ATP
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell
- Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) by removing a phosphate group
Important Terms
- Cytosol: The fluid within a cell that surrounds the organelles but is outside the nucleus.
- Cytoplasm: The cytosol plus the organelles within it. Everything except the nucleus.
- Mitochondria: The cell organelles where much of the aerobic respiration takes place.
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are essentially opposite processes in terms of reactions and products.
Summary of ATP Production
- Aerobic respiration produces about 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- Anaerobic respiration/fermentation produces only 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. This yield is much lower due to the incomplete breakdown/metabolism of glucose.
Location
- Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Prep Stage/Transition Reaction: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- Krebs Cycle: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
- Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of cellular respiration, including its definition, the stages involved, and the role of ATP. Participants will explore key processes such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Test your knowledge of how energy is produced in cells!
