Cellular Respiration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between anaerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation?

  • Anaerobic respiration relies on enzymes, while anaerobic fermentation relies on proton gradients.
  • Anaerobic respiration generates ATP, while anaerobic fermentation regenerates NAD+.
  • Anaerobic respiration produces ethanol, while anaerobic fermentation produces lactic acid.
  • Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen, while anaerobic fermentation does not use oxygen. (correct)
  • Which molecule is regenerated through anaerobic fermentation to continue the process of glycolysis?

  • NAD+ (correct)
  • NADH
  • ATP
  • ADP
  • What type of phosphorylation is involved in the process of anaerobic fermentation?

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)
  • Photophosphorylation
  • Phosphorylation by ATP
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Which compound is produced as a side product during fermentation along with ethanol?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of homolactic acid fermentation on glucose?

    <p>Conversion to lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two major types of anaerobic fermentation are mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ethanol fermentation, what is the initial product of the conversion of pyruvate?

    <p>Acetaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are involved in transforming sugars to lactic acid in lactic acid fermentations?

    <p>Lactobacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms perform ethanol fermentation as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Yeast and certain bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide in heterolactic fermentation?

    <p>Phosphoketolase pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of lactic acid producing bacteria in food fermentation?

    <p>Lactic acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dairy product results from the conversion of lactose to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria?

    <p>Yogurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrients found in bread act as antioxidants and protect cells from damage by toxic substances?

    <p>Vitamin E and selenium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can spoil sourdough bread, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Bacillus species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which South Indian households is Idli a popular breakfast choice?

    <p>South Indian households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient can be added to idli to make it more nutritious according to the text?

    <p>Vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ingredient used to make sauerkraut?

    <p>Cabbage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the volume of idli batter change after incubation according to the text?

    <p>Increases by 113%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of ATP generation in glycolysis?

    <p>Substrate-level phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the generation of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules are produced during substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly used in food fermentation processes?

    <p>Saccharomyces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is known for its ability to convert citrate to diacetyl, providing a strong buttery flavor in dairy products?

    <p>Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetyllactis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the organisms involved in food fermentation 'stray'?

    <p>'Spoilage' nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which yeast strain is commonly used in industrial food production as a starter culture?

    <p>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acid is produced during fermentation for preservation?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is responsible for eye formation in Gouda cheese due to the carbon dioxide it produces?

    <p>Lactococcus lactis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus includes organisms capable of producing lactic acid, CO2, and aromatic compounds like ethanol and acetic acid from glucose?

    <p>Leuconostoc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subspecies of Lactococcus is highly prized for the flavor it affords to certain cheeses?

    <p>Lactococcus cremoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Bifidobacterium organisms commonly found?

    <p>Intestines of man and various animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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