Cellular Respiration Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between anaerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation?

  • Anaerobic respiration relies on enzymes, while anaerobic fermentation relies on proton gradients.
  • Anaerobic respiration generates ATP, while anaerobic fermentation regenerates NAD+.
  • Anaerobic respiration produces ethanol, while anaerobic fermentation produces lactic acid.
  • Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen, while anaerobic fermentation does not use oxygen. (correct)

Which molecule is regenerated through anaerobic fermentation to continue the process of glycolysis?

  • NAD+ (correct)
  • NADH
  • ATP
  • ADP

What type of phosphorylation is involved in the process of anaerobic fermentation?

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)
  • Photophosphorylation
  • Phosphorylation by ATP
  • Oxidative phosphorylation

Which compound is produced as a side product during fermentation along with ethanol?

<p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of homolactic acid fermentation on glucose?

<p>Conversion to lactate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two major types of anaerobic fermentation are mentioned in the text?

<p>Ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ethanol fermentation, what is the initial product of the conversion of pyruvate?

<p>Acetaldehyde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are involved in transforming sugars to lactic acid in lactic acid fermentations?

<p>Lactobacillus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms perform ethanol fermentation as mentioned in the text?

<p>Yeast and certain bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is responsible for the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide in heterolactic fermentation?

<p>Phosphoketolase pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lactic acid producing bacteria in food fermentation?

<p>Lactic acid production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dairy product results from the conversion of lactose to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria?

<p>Yogurt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients found in bread act as antioxidants and protect cells from damage by toxic substances?

<p>Vitamin E and selenium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can spoil sourdough bread, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Bacillus species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which South Indian households is Idli a popular breakfast choice?

<p>South Indian households (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient can be added to idli to make it more nutritious according to the text?

<p>Vegetables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ingredient used to make sauerkraut?

<p>Cabbage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the volume of idli batter change after incubation according to the text?

<p>Increases by 113% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of ATP generation in glycolysis?

<p>Substrate-level phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the generation of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are produced during substrate-level phosphorylation?

<p>ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is commonly used in food fermentation processes?

<p>Saccharomyces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is known for its ability to convert citrate to diacetyl, providing a strong buttery flavor in dairy products?

<p>Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetyllactis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the organisms involved in food fermentation 'stray'?

<p>'Spoilage' nature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which yeast strain is commonly used in industrial food production as a starter culture?

<p>Saccharomyces cerevisiae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of acid is produced during fermentation for preservation?

<p>Lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for eye formation in Gouda cheese due to the carbon dioxide it produces?

<p>Lactococcus lactis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genus includes organisms capable of producing lactic acid, CO2, and aromatic compounds like ethanol and acetic acid from glucose?

<p>Leuconostoc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subspecies of Lactococcus is highly prized for the flavor it affords to certain cheeses?

<p>Lactococcus cremoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Bifidobacterium organisms commonly found?

<p>Intestines of man and various animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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