Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of glycolysis?
What is the primary function of glycolysis?
During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?
During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?
Where does the Krebs cycle take place within the cell?
Where does the Krebs cycle take place within the cell?
Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle per acetyl-CoA?
Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle per acetyl-CoA?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain?
What role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
What is the maximum yield of ATP molecules from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
Which statement best describes the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which key enzyme is involved in the conversion of glucose to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?
Which key enzyme is involved in the conversion of glucose to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
- Definition: The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing energy.
- Location: Cytoplasm of the cell.
-
Phases:
-
Energy Investment Phase:
- Uses 2 ATP to convert glucose into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
-
Energy Payoff Phase:
- Produces 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.
-
Energy Investment Phase:
- Key Enzymes: Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvate kinase.
-
Outcome:
- 2 ATP (net gain), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- Definition: Series of reactions that further break down pyruvate into carbon dioxide.
- Location: Mitochondrial matrix.
- Inputs: Acetyl-CoA (derived from pyruvate).
-
Outputs:
- 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP (or GTP), and 2 CO₂ per acetyl-CoA.
- Key Enzymes: Citrate synthase, Aconitase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, and Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
- Cycle Turns: Each glucose results in two turns of the cycle (one for each pyruvate).
- Role: Generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH, FADH2) for the electron transport chain.
Aerobic Respiration
- Definition: The process of producing cellular energy with oxygen.
-
Stages:
- Glycolysis: Conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
- Krebs Cycle: Processes pyruvate into CO₂, generating electron carriers.
-
Electron Transport Chain (ETC):
- Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, creating a gradient.
- ATP synthase utilizes this gradient to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
- Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.
-
Efficiency:
- Produces up to 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Importance: Provides ATP for cellular functions and is essential for energy metabolism in aerobic organisms.
Summary
- Cellular respiration efficiently converts glucose into usable energy (ATP) through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, with oxygen playing a crucial role in the process.
Cellular Respiration
- Definition: Process of converting glucose into ATP to fuel cellular activities.
Glycolysis
- Definition: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate; occurs in the cytoplasm.
- Energy Investment Phase: Uses 2 ATP to convert glucose into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
- Energy Payoff Phase: Produces 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.
-
Key Enzymes:
- Hexokinase
- Phosphofructokinase
- Pyruvate kinase
- Outcome: 2 ATP (net gain), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate per glucose molecule.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- Definition: Series of reactions that further break down pyruvate into carbon dioxide; occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
- Inputs: Acetyl-CoA (derived from pyruvate).
-
Outputs:
- 3 NADH
- 1 FADH2
- 1 ATP (or GTP)
- 2 CO₂ per acetyl-CoA
-
Key Enzymes:
- Citrate synthase
- Aconitase
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- Cycle Turns: Two turns for each glucose molecule (one for each pyruvate).
- Role: Generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH, FADH2) for the electron transport chain.
Aerobic Respiration
-
Definition: Process of producing cellular energy with oxygen.
-
Stages:
- Glycolysis: Conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
- Krebs Cycle: Processes pyruvate into CO₂, generating electron carriers.
-
Electron Transport Chain (ETC):
- Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, creating a gradient.
- ATP synthase utilizes this gradient to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
- Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.
-
Efficiency: Produces up to 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
-
Importance: Provides ATP for cellular functions and is essential for energy metabolism in aerobic organisms.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the essential processes of cellular respiration, focusing on glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Explore the stages, key enzymes, and outcomes of each metabolic pathway. This quiz will help solidify your understanding of how cells produce energy from glucose.
