Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

Study Notes

Glycolysis

Converts glucose (6-C) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3-C).
Produces 4 ATP and 2 NADH while using 2 ATP to start the process.
Takes place in the cytosol of all organisms.
Anaerobic process, does not require oxygen.

Aerobic Respiration

Involves conversion of pyruvic acid into energy.
Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Essential for all heterotrophs and requires oxygen.

Anaerobic Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid, occurring when oxygen is consumed in muscle cells.
Alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvic acid to ethyl alcohol and CO2, significant in wine, beer, and bread production.
No additional ATP is produced during fermentation.

Total NET Yield from Glycolysis

From one glucose breakdown (C6H12O6), yields 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvic acids.

Krebs Cycle

Takes place in the matrix of mitochondria.
2-C Acetyl CoA enters and combines with 4-C oxaloacetic acid to form 6-C citric acid.
After decarboxylation, produces NADH and ATP and forms FADH2.
From one cycle: produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.

Products of the Krebs Cycle

Generates 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 along with a total of 4 ATP from all steps combined.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Located in the cristae (inner membrane) of mitochondria.
Processes NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP.
Yields 30 ATP from NADH and 4 ATP from FADH2.
Total net gain from the entire process amounts to 36 ATP.

Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Each flashcard provides definitions and important details that are crucial for understanding cellular respiration processes. Perfect for students studying biology and biochemistry.