Cellular Respiration Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the metabolic process that requires oxygen?

  • Fermentation
  • Anaerobic
  • Glycolysis
  • Aerobic (correct)

    • Which metabolic processes do not require oxygen?

  • Krebs Cycle
  • Fermentation (correct)
  • Glycolysis
  • Aerobic Respiration

    • What is glucose?

    The body's blood sugar, a simple form of carbohydrate.

    What is ATP?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does NADH play in cellular respiration?

    <p>An electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pyruvate?

    <p>The three-carbon end product of glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define glycolysis.

    <p>The first step in releasing the energy of glucose where a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pyruvic acid?

    <p>The organic acid formed during glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acetyl group?

    <p>What's formed when pyruvic acid breaks down in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coenzyme A?

    <p>A coenzyme necessary for cell respiration and fatty-acid metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acetyl-CoA?

    <p>The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>It finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is FADH2?

    <p>An electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define fermentation.

    <p>Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>A series of anaerobic chemical reactions using pyruvic acid that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lactate?

    <p>Ion of organic acid called lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ethanol?

    <p>The intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is FAD?

    <p>Electron acceptor in the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define electron acceptor.

    <p>Molecule that can accept an electron and an (H+) ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NAD?

    <p>Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellular respiration?

    <p>A metabolic process that releases energy in food to make ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Metabolic Processes

    • Aerobic: Requires oxygen for metabolic processes.
    • Anaerobic: Occurs without oxygen involvement.

    Key Molecules in Cellular Respiration

    • Glucose: Main blood sugar and a simple carbohydrate essential for energy.
    • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Primary energy currency of cells used for most cellular work.
    • NADH: Reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons during cellular respiration.
    • Pyruvate: Three-carbon compound resulting from glycolysis, crucial for energy extraction.

    Glycolysis and Its Products

    • Glycolysis: First step in glucose breakdown, generating two pyruvate molecules from one glucose molecule.
    • Pyruvic Acid: Organic acid produced during glycolysis, key for further energy processes.

    Further Breakdown of Pyruvate

    • Acetyl Group: Formed from the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen, essential for the Krebs cycle.
    • Coenzyme A: Small molecule needed for enzymatic activity; critical for cellular respiration and fatty-acid metabolism.
    • Acetyl-CoA: Entry compound for the Krebs cycle formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A.

    Krebs Cycle

    • Krebs Cycle: Completes pyruvic acid breakdown, producing carbon dioxide and releasing energy for ATP production.
    • FADH2: Electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle, essential for energy transfer.

    Fermentation Types

    • Fermentation: Anaerobic process that allows energy release when oxygen is limited.
    • Lactic Acid Fermentation: Utilizes pyruvic acid to generate energy under low oxygen conditions; results in lactic acid.
    • Alcoholic Fermentation: Converts pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol, primarily performed by yeast and some bacteria.

    Other Important Molecules

    • Lactate: Ionized form of lactic acid, important in muscle metabolism.
    • Ethanol: Alcohol produced during fermentation, commonly found in beverages.
    • FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide): Acts as an electron acceptor during the Krebs cycle.
    • Electron Acceptor: Molecules capable of accepting electrons and protons (H+ ions).
    • NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): Electron carrier crucial in glycolysis.

    Overview of Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular Respiration: Metabolic process that releases energy from food to synthesize ATP, akin to burning fuel for energy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cellular respiration with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as aerobic, anaerobic, glucose, ATP, and NADH. Perfect for students studying biology and metabolism.

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