Questions and Answers
What is the metabolic process that requires oxygen?
Which metabolic processes do not require oxygen?
What is glucose?
The body's blood sugar, a simple form of carbohydrate.
What is ATP?
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What role does NADH play in cellular respiration?
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What is pyruvate?
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Define glycolysis.
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What is pyruvic acid?
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What is an acetyl group?
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What is coenzyme A?
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What is acetyl-CoA?
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What happens during the Krebs Cycle?
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What is FADH2?
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Define fermentation.
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What is lactic acid fermentation?
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What is alcoholic fermentation?
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What is lactate?
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What is ethanol?
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What is FAD?
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Define electron acceptor.
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What is NAD?
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What is cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Types of Metabolic Processes
- Aerobic: Requires oxygen for metabolic processes.
- Anaerobic: Occurs without oxygen involvement.
Key Molecules in Cellular Respiration
- Glucose: Main blood sugar and a simple carbohydrate essential for energy.
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Primary energy currency of cells used for most cellular work.
- NADH: Reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons during cellular respiration.
- Pyruvate: Three-carbon compound resulting from glycolysis, crucial for energy extraction.
Glycolysis and Its Products
- Glycolysis: First step in glucose breakdown, generating two pyruvate molecules from one glucose molecule.
- Pyruvic Acid: Organic acid produced during glycolysis, key for further energy processes.
Further Breakdown of Pyruvate
- Acetyl Group: Formed from the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen, essential for the Krebs cycle.
- Coenzyme A: Small molecule needed for enzymatic activity; critical for cellular respiration and fatty-acid metabolism.
- Acetyl-CoA: Entry compound for the Krebs cycle formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A.
Krebs Cycle
- Krebs Cycle: Completes pyruvic acid breakdown, producing carbon dioxide and releasing energy for ATP production.
- FADH2: Electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle, essential for energy transfer.
Fermentation Types
- Fermentation: Anaerobic process that allows energy release when oxygen is limited.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Utilizes pyruvic acid to generate energy under low oxygen conditions; results in lactic acid.
- Alcoholic Fermentation: Converts pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol, primarily performed by yeast and some bacteria.
Other Important Molecules
- Lactate: Ionized form of lactic acid, important in muscle metabolism.
- Ethanol: Alcohol produced during fermentation, commonly found in beverages.
- FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide): Acts as an electron acceptor during the Krebs cycle.
- Electron Acceptor: Molecules capable of accepting electrons and protons (H+ ions).
- NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): Electron carrier crucial in glycolysis.
Overview of Cellular Respiration
- Cellular Respiration: Metabolic process that releases energy from food to synthesize ATP, akin to burning fuel for energy.
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Test your knowledge of cellular respiration with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as aerobic, anaerobic, glucose, ATP, and NADH. Perfect for students studying biology and metabolism.
