Cellular Respiration Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the metabolic process that requires oxygen?

  • Fermentation
  • Anaerobic
  • Glycolysis
  • Aerobic (correct)

Which metabolic processes do not require oxygen?

  • Krebs Cycle
  • Fermentation (correct)
  • Glycolysis
  • Aerobic Respiration

What is glucose?

The body's blood sugar, a simple form of carbohydrate.

What is ATP?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does NADH play in cellular respiration?

<p>An electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pyruvate?

<p>The three-carbon end product of glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define glycolysis.

<p>The first step in releasing the energy of glucose where a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pyruvic acid?

<p>The organic acid formed during glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an acetyl group?

<p>What's formed when pyruvic acid breaks down in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coenzyme A?

<p>A coenzyme necessary for cell respiration and fatty-acid metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acetyl-CoA?

<p>The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the Krebs Cycle?

<p>It finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is FADH2?

<p>An electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define fermentation.

<p>Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lactic acid fermentation?

<p>A series of anaerobic chemical reactions using pyruvic acid that supplies energy when oxygen is scarce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is alcoholic fermentation?

<p>Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lactate?

<p>Ion of organic acid called lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethanol?

<p>The intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is FAD?

<p>Electron acceptor in the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define electron acceptor.

<p>Molecule that can accept an electron and an (H+) ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NAD?

<p>Electron carrier involved in glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular respiration?

<p>A metabolic process that releases energy in food to make ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Metabolic Processes

  • Aerobic: Requires oxygen for metabolic processes.
  • Anaerobic: Occurs without oxygen involvement.

Key Molecules in Cellular Respiration

  • Glucose: Main blood sugar and a simple carbohydrate essential for energy.
  • ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Primary energy currency of cells used for most cellular work.
  • NADH: Reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons during cellular respiration.
  • Pyruvate: Three-carbon compound resulting from glycolysis, crucial for energy extraction.

Glycolysis and Its Products

  • Glycolysis: First step in glucose breakdown, generating two pyruvate molecules from one glucose molecule.
  • Pyruvic Acid: Organic acid produced during glycolysis, key for further energy processes.

Further Breakdown of Pyruvate

  • Acetyl Group: Formed from the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen, essential for the Krebs cycle.
  • Coenzyme A: Small molecule needed for enzymatic activity; critical for cellular respiration and fatty-acid metabolism.
  • Acetyl-CoA: Entry compound for the Krebs cycle formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A.

Krebs Cycle

  • Krebs Cycle: Completes pyruvic acid breakdown, producing carbon dioxide and releasing energy for ATP production.
  • FADH2: Electron carrier produced during the Krebs cycle, essential for energy transfer.

Fermentation Types

  • Fermentation: Anaerobic process that allows energy release when oxygen is limited.
  • Lactic Acid Fermentation: Utilizes pyruvic acid to generate energy under low oxygen conditions; results in lactic acid.
  • Alcoholic Fermentation: Converts pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol, primarily performed by yeast and some bacteria.

Other Important Molecules

  • Lactate: Ionized form of lactic acid, important in muscle metabolism.
  • Ethanol: Alcohol produced during fermentation, commonly found in beverages.
  • FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide): Acts as an electron acceptor during the Krebs cycle.
  • Electron Acceptor: Molecules capable of accepting electrons and protons (H+ ions).
  • NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): Electron carrier crucial in glycolysis.

Overview of Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular Respiration: Metabolic process that releases energy from food to synthesize ATP, akin to burning fuel for energy.

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Test your knowledge of cellular respiration with these flashcards. Learn key terms such as aerobic, anaerobic, glucose, ATP, and NADH. Perfect for students studying biology and metabolism.

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