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Questions and Answers
What is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
What is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Where does glycolysis take place?
Where does glycolysis take place?
What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates?
What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) for carbohydrates?
What is the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation?
What is the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation?
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What is the importance of respiration in cellular activities?
What is the importance of respiration in cellular activities?
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What is the net gain of ATP molecules during anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?
What is the net gain of ATP molecules during anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?
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Study Notes
Overview of Respiration
- Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from the food they consume
- It involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Types of Respiration
-
Aerobic Respiration: occurs in the presence of oxygen, produces a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- Takes place in the mitochondria
- Involves three stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
-
Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in the absence of oxygen, produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Involves two stages: glycolysis and fermentation
Stages of Aerobic Respiration
-
Glycolysis: breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Net gain of 2 ATP molecules
-
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 molecules
- Takes place in the mitochondria
- Net gain of 2 ATP molecules
-
Oxidative Phosphorylation: production of ATP molecules using the energy from NADH and FADH2 molecules
- Takes place in the mitochondrial inner membrane
- Net gain of 32-34 ATP molecules
Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
- RQ is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed during respiration
- RQ values:
- Carbohydrates: 1
- Fats: 0.7
- Proteins: 0.8
Importance of Respiration
- Generating energy for cellular activities
- Maintaining cellular homeostasis
- Supporting growth and development
Respiration Overview
- Respiration is the process of generating energy from consumed food by breaking down glucose and organic molecules to produce ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
- Occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Takes place in the mitochondria.
- Involves three stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Anaerobic Respiration
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Involves two stages: glycolysis and fermentation.
Glycolysis
- Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
- Takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Breakdown of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, producing 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 molecules.
- Takes place in the mitochondria.
- Net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Production of ATP molecules using energy from NADH and FADH2 molecules.
- Takes place in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
- Net gain of 32-34 ATP molecules.
Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
- Ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed during respiration.
- RQ values: carbohydrates (1), fats (0.7), and proteins (0.8).
Importance of Respiration
- Generating energy for cellular activities.
- Maintaining cellular homeostasis.
- Supporting growth and development.
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Description
Understand the process of cellular respiration, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and how cells generate energy from glucose.