Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

ADP + Pi → ATP is an endergonic reaction: True

Two pyruvate molecules are produced from each glucose molecule.

Pyruvate is transported from the cytosol to the mitochondria.

The three electron carrier molecules are NADH, FADH2, and NADPH.

Equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Equation for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and loses electrons to become CO2.

Glycolysis has an investment phase and a payoff phase because it takes energy to start the reaction, but ultimately results in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

FADH2 and NADH deliver electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) during cellular respiration.

The major products of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) are 2 ATP molecules, CO2 from breaking down citrate, and banked electrons in the form of NADH and FADH2.

ATP synthase makes a majority of the ATP during cellular respiration: True

Two main differences between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration: anaerobic produces less ATP, and oxygen is not the final electron acceptor.

Steak, mashed potatoes, and butter can all be broken down and used for cellular respiration.

When muscle cells run out of oxygen, they perform fermentation, which can cause a buildup of lactic acid.

ATP synthase is powered by the passive flow of H+ ions.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.

Cellular respiration occurs in the cytosol and the mitochondria.

Plants have mitochondria and can therefore perform cellular respiration: True

Plants do not use green light efficiently: False

Water splitting, ATP production, and the Calvin Cycle occur in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.

Photosystems are proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane and contain chlorophyll.

Water is split by photosystem II to replace its lost electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

Pumping of H+ ions into the thylakoid by the ETC is a direct result of energy donated by electrons excited by Sun energy.

During the Calvin cycle, NADPH is oxidized to donate electrons to form G3P: True

Plants reduce CO2 in the atmosphere to utilize in photosynthesis, which is essential for addressing global warming.

High concentrations of ATP inhibit enzymes at the beginning of cellular respiration, like glycolysis.

This feedback inhibition prevents the process from wasting energy when ATP is not needed.

C4 plants spatially separate the Calvin Cycle.

CAM plants temporally separate CO2 intake.

During fermentation, glucose is converted to pyruvate, netting 2 ATP.

The reaction doesn’t stop there because the cell needs to regenerate NAD+.

Cellular respiration is an exergonic reaction.

2 ATPs are made during glycolysis.

2 ATPs are made during the Krebs Cycle.

30+ ATPs are made during the ETC/ATP Synthase stage.

During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is the final electron acceptor and accepts electrons to become water.

If ATP synthase is inhibited, the Calvin Cycle would have no energy to use, which impacts photosynthesis.

The molecule produced by the Calvin Cycle that is used to make glucose: G3P