Cellular Processes in Homeostasis

Which of the following cellular processes is NOT mentioned as being involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Apoptosis is a process that involves uncontrolled cell death.

What is the primary function of autophagy?

The enzymes responsible for breaking down cells during apoptosis are called ______.

Match the following cell death mechanisms with their primary characteristics:

The influx of Ca2+ through specialized CRAC channels is necessary for the maintenance of NFAT proteins in the nucleus.

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes CRAC channels from other SOCs?

NFAT interacts with ______ and enhances its transcriptional activity.

What is the role of the COOH-terminal region of Cabin1 in the regulation of MEF2D activity?

Match the following proteins with their respective functions:

What is the main mechanism by which a Ca2+ signal promotes the activation of MEF2D?

The cleavage of Cabin1 by Capn2 leads to the inactivation of calcineurin.

How does Cabin1 contribute to the regulation of MEF2D activity?

Which of the following is NOT a critical step in the activation of calcineurin?

The interaction between Cabin1 and calcineurin is dependent on both ______ and ______ activation.

What is the primary function of FAS-associated death domain (FADD) in the FAS signaling pathway?

The activation of NF-kappa B (NFκB) by TNFR1 signaling always leads to cell survival.

What are the two main types of immune cells that utilize the granule exocytosis pathway to eliminate infected or cancerous cells?

The ______ pathway is triggered by the activation of ASK1, which is activated by the adaptor protein DAXX in the FAS signaling pathway.

Match the following molecules with their respective roles in apoptosis:

Which of the following molecules is responsible for directly activating caspase-9 in the apoptosome?

The granule exocytosis pathway employed by CTL and NK cells releases only granzymes into the immunological synapse.

What is the role of FLIP in TNFR1-mediated signaling?

The release of ______ from mitochondria, triggered by the activation of tBID, is a pivotal step in the FAS-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Which of the following pathways is NOT directly involved in the FAS-mediated apoptosis pathway?

What is the role of Granzyme-B during apoptosis?

Apoptosis results in the release of cellular contents into the extracellular space.

What are the two sources of intracellular free Ca2+ in T-Cells?

Calcium (Ca2+) is a key signal for T-Cell ______.

Match the components involved in T-Cell activation with their roles:

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of apoptosis?

Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are destroyed during the apoptosis process.

What enzyme is responsible for cleaving PIP2 in the plasma membrane?

The binding of the antigen-MHC Class-II complex triggers the recruitment of ______ to the TCR/CD3/CD4 complex.

What is the effect of IP3 during T-Cell activation?

What is the role of caspase 8 in apoptosis?

FLIP is an activator of apoptosis.

Name the three types of autophagy.

The kinase _______ is a critical regulator of autophagy induction.

Which molecule is indirectly associated with FADD through DAP3?

Match the following proteins to their function:

Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient abundance.