Cellular Processes and Metabolism Quiz

Cellular Processes

• Somatic cells and stolon cells undergo mitotic division.
• Implantation of an embryo occurs in the uterus.
• Cell plate formation occurs during cytokinesis in plant cells.

Mitosis and Prophase

• Prophase is a phase of karyokinesis.
• Karyokinesis is the division of the nucleus during cell division.

T.C.A. Cycle & Glycolysis

• T.C.A. cycle: occurs in the mitochondria.
• Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Glycolysis breaks down glucose to produce pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH, and H2O.
• T.C.A. uses pyruvic acid,CO2, ATP, and FADH2.

Glycogenesis and its Relationship to Respiration

• Conversion of excess glucose to useful substances is called glycogenesis.

Glycolysis

• Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose.
• Glycolysis produces ATP.

Glycogenesis

• Glycogenesis is not the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnes (EMP) pathway.
• Glycogenesis is the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Cellular Respiration

• Oxygen is necessary for the complete oxidation of glucose and the production of 38 ATP molecules.
• In the absence of oxygen, only anaerobic respiration can occur, producing less energy.
• Higher plants and organisms can perform anaerobic respiration under certain conditions.

Cell Components

• Phospholipid molecules are necessary for the formation of the plasma membrane.
• Vitamin B5 is necessary for the synthesis of NADH.

Important Information

• The T.C.A. cycle, Krebs cycle, and EMP pathway are interconnected, but not synonymous.
• Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.
• Glycolysis, glycogenesis, and the T.C.A. cycle are all important metabolic processes.

Telophase

• The nucleolus reappears in each daughter nucleus during telophase.
• The spindle fibers disappear completely in the later stage of telophase.