Mitosis Stages

Study Notes

Centrosomes with centriole pairs are present during interphase I
Chiasmata and spindle formation occur in prophase I
Microtubules attach to kinetochore during metaphase I, and chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
Sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase I
Nuclear envelope and chromatin reform, and chromosomes duplicate during anaphase I
Tetrad formation occurs through synapsis, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments, and then separate
Centromere has a kinetochore, and tetrads line up at the metaphase plate

Cells go from diploid to haploid during meiosis II
Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II occur
Two haploid cells form, with chromosomes still being double
Sister chromatids finally separate during another round of cell division, resulting in four haploid daughter cells with single chromosomes
Cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis in animal cells
Sister chromatids separate and haploid daughter cells form

Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible, spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and nucleolus disappears
Prometaphase: Chromosomes continue to condense, kinetochores appear at centromeres, mitotic spindles microtubules attach to kinetochores, and centrosomes move toward opposite poles
Metaphase: Mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles, chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate, and each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles
Anaphase: Cohesion proteins binding sister chromatids break down, sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles, and non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell
Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, begin to decondense, nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle breaks down
Cytokinesis: Animal cells have a cleavage furrow separating daughter cells, while plant cells have a cell plate separating daughter cells