16 Questions
What occurs during prophase I of meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments
During which phase of meiosis I do tetrads line up at the metaphase plate?
Metaphase I
What is a key event that takes place in interphase I of meiosis I?
Centrosomes form with centriole pairs
Which structure plays a role in pulling apart homologous chromosomes during anaphase I?
Spindle
What remains attached during anaphase I of meiosis I?
Sister chromatids
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes condense and become visible?
Prophase
When do centrosomes move toward opposite poles during mitosis?
Prometaphase
What is the main event that occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles
Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the decondensation of chromosomes?
Telophase
At what point do kinetochores appear at the centromeres?
Prometaphase
How are daughter cells separated during cytokinesis in plant cells?
Cell plate formation
During which phase of Meiosis II do sister chromatids finally separate?
Anaphase II
At what stage in Meiosis II do haploid daughter cells begin to form?
Telophase II
Which phase in Meiosis II follows Telophase & Cytokinesis?
Prophase II
How many haploid daughter cells are the result of Meiosis II?
Four
What structure forms during Telophase & Cytokinesis?
Cleavage furrow
Study Notes
Meiosis I
- Centrosomes with centriole pairs are present during interphase I
- Chiasmata and spindle formation occur in prophase I
- Microtubules attach to kinetochore during metaphase I, and chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate
- Sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase I
- Nuclear envelope and chromatin reform, and chromosomes duplicate during anaphase I
- Tetrad formation occurs through synapsis, where homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments, and then separate
- Centromere has a kinetochore, and tetrads line up at the metaphase plate
Meiosis II
- Cells go from diploid to haploid during meiosis II
- Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II occur
- Two haploid cells form, with chromosomes still being double
- Sister chromatids finally separate during another round of cell division, resulting in four haploid daughter cells with single chromosomes
- Cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis in animal cells
- Sister chromatids separate and haploid daughter cells form
Mitosis
Stages of Mitosis
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible, spindle fibers emerge from centrosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, and nucleolus disappears
- Prometaphase: Chromosomes continue to condense, kinetochores appear at centromeres, mitotic spindles microtubules attach to kinetochores, and centrosomes move toward opposite poles
- Metaphase: Mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles, chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate, and each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles
- Anaphase: Cohesion proteins binding sister chromatids break down, sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles, and non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell
- Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, begin to decondense, nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle breaks down
- Cytokinesis: Animal cells have a cleavage furrow separating daughter cells, while plant cells have a cell plate separating daughter cells
Learn about the different stages of mitosis, including prophase, prometaphase, and metaphase, and their roles in cell division.
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