32 Questions
What characteristic allows for the recovery of mitochondrial DNA from degraded samples?
High copy number in cells
How many copies of nuclear DNA are typically present in each cell?
Two
What percentage of the total DNA content does mitochondrial DNA make up?
Less than one percent
How many genes in mitochondrial DNA code for products used in cellular energy production?
37
What is the function of the 1122 bp 'control' region in mitochondrial DNA?
Origin of replication for one of the mitochondrial DNA strands
What is the average number of mitochondrial DNA molecules per mitochondrion?
4-5
Which region of the mitochondrial DNA is used for PCR amplification in DNA analysis?
Displacement loop
What type of nucleotides does the 'heavy' strand of mitochondrial DNA contain?
Guanine nucleotides
How many genes are found in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA?
37
What is the function of the displacement loop in mitochondrial DNA replication?
Initiation of replication
Which region of the displacement loop is used for DNA sequence analysis in mitochondrial DNA analysis?
Hypervariable region 2 (HV2)
What gives rise to the 'light' and 'heavy' strands in mitochondrial DNA?
Asymmetric distribution of nucleotides
Which type of nucleotides has the largest molecular weight among the four possible nucleotides?
Guanine nucleotides
What is the size of the displacement loop or D-loop in mitochondrial DNA?
~610 bp
Which type of RNAs are found in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA?
(mRNA) and (tRNA) molecules
Why are there no introns and only a few non-coding nucleotides between the coding regions in mitochondrial DNA?
To economize packaging
What is the approximate percentage of the total DNA content that mitochondrial DNA makes up?
0.25%
How many genes in mitochondrial DNA code for products used in the oxidative phosphorylation process or cellular energy production?
37
What is the average number of mitochondrial DNA molecules per mitochondrion?
400-500
How many copies of nuclear DNA are typically present in each cell?
2
What characteristic allows for the recovery of mitochondrial DNA from degraded samples?
Higher copy number in cells
What gives rise to the 'light' and 'heavy' strands in mitochondrial DNA?
Differential methylation patterns
Which region of mitochondrial DNA is utilized for PCR amplification in DNA analysis?
Non-coding control region
What is the size of the displacement loop or D-loop in mitochondrial DNA?
Approximately 610 base pairs
What gives rise to the 'light' and 'heavy' strands in mitochondrial DNA?
Asymmetric distribution of nucleotides
How many genes in mitochondrial DNA code for products used in cellular energy production?
13 genes
What characteristic allows for the recovery of mitochondrial DNA from degraded samples?
High rate of substitutions
What is the function of the 1122 bp 'control' region in mitochondrial DNA?
Initiating replication
What type of RNAs are found in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA?
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)
What type of nucleotides does the 'heavy' strand of mitochondrial DNA contain?
'Guanine'
What percentage of the total DNA content does mitochondrial DNA make up?
~5%
What is the average number of mitochondrial DNA molecules per mitochondrion?
1-2 molecules
Test your knowledge about the characteristics and recovery of mitochondrial DNA, including its high copy number in cells compared to nuclear DNA. Explore the implications of this high copy number for recovering DNA from degraded samples.
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