Cellular Organisms - Eubacteria Quiz

Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms with diverse shapes (rods, spheres, spirals) and often form chains or colonies. They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan, a characteristic not found in archaea.

A unique substance found in the cell walls of bacteria, made of sugars and amino acids. It's a key feature that distinguishes bacteria from archaea.

A group of bacteria distinguished by the Gram stain which identifies a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

A group of bacteria distinguished by the Gram stain which identifies a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They have an outer and inner membrane.

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria.

An organism consisting of a single cell.

A rigid outer layer surrounding the cell membrane of some cells, providing structural support. Bacteria have cell walls.

A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes(sex cells) or meiosis.

Bacteria lack a true nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, plastids, and endoplasmic reticulum. Their cell wall is made of mucopeptide, DNA is a single circular chromosome, and ribosomes are 70S type.

Bacterial cell walls are composed of a unique substance called mucopeptide, unlike plant cell walls made of cellulose.

Bacteria reproduce asexually primarily through binary fission, but can also use cysts, budding, and gonidia. True sexual reproduction is rare, though genetic recombination through conjugation, transduction, or transformation do occur.

Bacteria are ubiquitous, found practically everywhere except in specific, extreme environments (volcanic pits, deep strata, pure distilled water, etc.). They're abundant in soil, water, air and the animal intestine (such as the E. coli in humans).

Bacteria have diverse shapes but the most common are cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral).

Bacterial sizes vary widely, from extremely small to relatively large. Cocci are generally smaller than bacilli.

Different arrangements of flagella on bacterial cell walls (monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, peritrichous).

Single flagellum at one end of the bacteria.

Two or more flagella at one or both ends of the bacteria.

One or more flagella at both ends of the bacteria.

Many flagella around the entire cell of bacteria.

Asexual reproduction method in bacteria where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

DNA replication, cell elongation, septum formation, and division into two daughter cells.

Membrane structures in bacteria involved in DNA segregation during binary fission.

A wall that forms to separate the daughter cells during binary fission.

Pairs of bacteria cells e.g., Diplococcus pneumoniae.

Bacteria arranged in chains or rows e.g., Streptococcus lactis.

Bacterial clusters arranged like bunches of grapes e.g., Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacteria arranged in groups of four e.g., Neisseria.

Bacteria arranged in cuboidal or geometrical packets e.g., Sarcinae lutea.

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged singly.

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in pairs e.g., Diplobacillus sp.

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains e.g., Bacillus tuberculosis.

Rare arrangement of rod-shaped bacteria in vertical rows.

Comma-shaped bacteria with flagella at one end e.g., Vibrio cholerae.

Spiral or helical bacteria, flexible and longer than thick.

Rod-shaped bacteria in an elongated chain structure, often in water environments.

A type of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell divides into two identical cells.

When daughter cells created by binary fission remain connected after division.

A chain-like structure formed when daughter bacterial cells remain attached and continue to divide in parallel planes.

A group of bacterial cells formed when daughter cells divide in different planes.

Bacteria do not have true sexual reproduction, lacking sexual structures and gametic fusion.

Processes like conjugation, transformation, and transduction that transfer genetic material between bacterial cells.

Bacteria can divide very quickly (18-30 minutes), but this rapid rate is limited.

Factors like limited resources (space, food, water), unfavorable environments (light, temperature), and accumulation of waste products prevent continued rapid division.

Bacteria's survival in the natural environment is relatively low (only ~1%).