20 Questions
What is the main difference between bacteria and archaea based on their habitat?
Bacteria live in normal environments and do not have Intron in their DNA, while archaea live in extreme environments and have Intron in their DNA.
Where can methanogens live, and why?
Methanogens can only live in anaerobic environments and in the intestinal tract of organisms, because oxygen is poisonous to them.
What is peptidoglycan, and where is it found?
Peptidoglycan is a protein compound found in the bacterial cell wall.
Name three groups of archaea based on genetic analysis.
- Methanogens 2) Halophiles 3) Thermoacidophiles
What is the unique way in which methanogens get energy?
By converting hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide into methane gas.
What is the name of the group of archae bacteria that live in very acidic environments and high temperatures?
Thermoacidophile
What is the name of the rod-shaped bacteria?
Bacilli
What is the name of the group of archae bacteria that live in very high salt concentration environments?
Halophiles
What is the name of the spiral-shaped bacteria?
Spirilla
What is the name of a special cell in the chain of cyanobacteria that has enzymes for fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?
Heterocyst
Which characteristic differentiates bacteria from archaea based on their habitat?
Peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall
What is the unique feature of methanogens that enables them to obtain energy?
Conversion of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide into methane gas
Which type of bacteria has been grouped based on their reaction to specific types of stains like gram stain?
Eubacteria
What is the habitat of archaea known as halophiles?
High salt concentration environments
What is the main difference between the molecular composition of bacteria and archaea?
Phospholipid layer in the cell wall
What is the distinctive feature of gram-negative bacteria when compared to gram-positive bacteria?
They produce different toxic materials.
What is the primary energy source for halophiles?
ATP from salt
What is the role of heterocyst in cyanobacteria?
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
Which group of bacteria is known for living in very acidic environments and high temperatures?
Thermoacidophiles
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes spirochetes?
Spiral shape
Study Notes
Bacteria vs. Archaea
- Habitat difference: Bacteria thrive in moderate environments, while archaea inhabit extreme environments, such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep-sea vents.
Peptidoglycan and Cell Walls
- Peptidoglycan: A unique polymer found in bacterial cell walls, providing structural support and maintaining cell shape.
- Cell wall composition: Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, whereas archaea lack peptidoglycan and have different cell wall components.
Archaea Groups and Characteristics
- Methanogens: Live in anaerobic environments, such as swamps and digestive systems, and produce methane as a byproduct of energy production.
- Thermophiles: Thrive in high-temperature environments, such as hot springs and volcanic vents.
- Halophiles: Inhabit environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes and salt mines.
- Genetic analysis groups: Archaea are grouped into three categories: methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles, based on genetic analysis.
Energy Production and Nitrogen Fixation
- Methanogens' energy source: Obtain energy by converting CO2 and H2 into methane and ATP.
- Heterocyst role: A specialized cell in cyanobacteria that contains enzymes to fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
Morphology and Staining
- Rod-shaped bacteria: Examples include E. coli and Bacillus subtilis.
- Spiral-shaped bacteria: Examples include Spirochetes, such as Treponema pallidum.
- Gram staining: Bacteria are grouped based on their reaction to Gram staining, with Gram-positive bacteria having a thick peptidoglycan layer and Gram-negative bacteria having a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
Extreme Environments and Characteristics
- Acidophiles: Live in extremely acidic environments, such as acid mines and hot springs.
- Halophiles' habitat: Inhabit environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes and salt mines.
- Thermophiles' habitat: Thrive in high-temperature environments, such as hot springs and volcanic vents.
This quiz explores the classification and characteristics of bacteria, including their structure, physiology, molecular composition, and reaction to specific types of stains. It also delves into the differences between Archaea bacteria and eubacteria.
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