Cellular Injury and Cancer Overview
40 Questions
0 Views

Cellular Injury and Cancer Overview

Created by
@PleasurableJackalope

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a significant factor that may lead to the development of skin cancer?

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Chronic Tissue Injury (correct)
  • Simple skin irritations
  • Immediate sun exposure

    • Which type of skin cancer mostly develops from the cells in the stratum basale?

  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma (correct)
  • Keratinocyte carcinoma
  • Malignant melanoma

    • What is one characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma?

  • It often presents as a nodular, keratinized tumor. (correct)
  • It rarely metastasizes.
  • It affects only the dermis.
  • It leads to an open ulcer.

    • What effect does the skin cancer called malignant melanoma have on the affected area?

    <p>It metastasizes commonly and can be fatal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to a higher vulnerability to skin cancer?

    <p>Being older than 50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly used to cure basal cell carcinoma?

    <p>Surgical removal or radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of skin cancers related to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure?

    <p>They tend to appear in sun-exposed areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least risk associated with basal cell carcinoma compared to other skin cancers?

    <p>Low likelihood of spreading to other areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for administering an intradermal injection?

    <p>Drawing the skin taut and inserting a small needle at a shallow angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injection would typically be used for insulin delivery?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle is typically used for intramuscular injections?

    <p>90 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prolonged exposure to sunlight affect folate levels in the blood?

    <p>It breaks down folate through a photochemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue can result from low levels of folate during pregnancy?

    <p>Abnormal development of the fetal nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does vitamin D play in relation to calcium absorption?

    <p>It facilitates calcium uptake from the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily responsible for the risk of overheating in humans?

    <p>Increased physical activity and upright posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does ultraviolet light from the sun have on the human body?

    <p>Stimulates the production of vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of increased skin pigmentation in populations living in the tropics?

    <p>To protect against ultraviolet light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal level of melanin in the skin intended to balance?

    <p>Protecting against ultraviolet light while enabling vitamin D production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does skin color variation correlate with latitude?

    <p>Dark skin provides protection in the tropics, while light skin promotes vitamin D production at higher latitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition might Sam have developed due to the seriousness of his burns?

    <p>Venous thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary modifications were made for Sam following his burns?

    <p>High-protein, high-caloric diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment did Sam receive to combat potential infections in his wounds?

    <p>Topical antimicrobial drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did exposure to higher ultraviolet light intensities in the tropics lead to?

    <p>Greater skin pigmentation in populations for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern that necessitated the transfer of Sam to the burn unit?

    <p>The severity of his burns and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes an older bone to become more brittle?

    <p>Decreased collagen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is bone mass typically highest?

    <p>Age 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic generally has denser bones than others?

    <p>Men compared to women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After age 35, how much bone loss is experienced per year by both men and women?

    <p>0.3-0.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much bone mass can women lose per year after menopause?

    <p>3-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do age-related changes in joints primarily have on elderly individuals?

    <p>Major problems and deterioration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition significantly increases the risk of fractures in the elderly?

    <p>Loss of trabeculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can loss of bone from the jaws lead to?

    <p>Tooth loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an impacted fracture?

    <p>A fracture where a bone fragment penetrates another bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted when blood calcium levels are too low?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do osteoblasts play when blood calcium levels are high?

    <p>They remove calcium from the blood to form new bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is most commonly dislocated in the body?

    <p>Shoulder joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens during a shoulder dislocation?

    <p>The humeral head moves inferiorly, anterior to the glenoid cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of a shoulder dislocation?

    <p>Higher risk of future dislocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is secreted when calcium levels are high?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can blood calcium levels be increased when they are too low?

    <p>By releasing calcium from the bone into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Injury and cancer

    • External and internal changes to the environment can lead to cell injury
    • Cancer can form in response to prolonged tissue injury.
    • Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer
    • Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is a known cause for cancer
    • Most skin cancers develop on the face, neck, or hands
    • People with fair skin are more prone to skin cancer
    • People over 50 are more prone to skin cancer because of their time spent in the sun
    • Three main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
    • Basal cell carcinoma starts in the cells of the stratum basale and expands into the dermis
    • Basal cell carcinoma can be cured using surgical removal or radiation therapy
    • Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other parts of the body
    • Squamous cell carcinoma develops in cells that are immediately above the stratum basale
    • Squamous cell carcinoma usually leads to a keratinized tumor within the epidermis
    • Squamous cell carcinoma can spread to the dermis and beyond without treatment
    • Malignant melanoma starts in melanocytes within a mole
    • Melanomas can be flat or nodule-like
    • Melanomas can spread and are dangerous if not detected early

    Injections

    • An intradermal injection is given by drawing the skin taut and inserting a needle into the dermis at a shallow angle
    • A subcutaneous injection is given by pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a needle into the subcutaneous tissue
    • An intramuscular injection is given by inserting a needle into the muscle at a 90 degree angle

    Skin Color

    • The evolution of skin color in humans is linked to the influence of sunlight on the body.
    • Increased physical activity from an upright posture generates excess heat and the body adapted by:
      • Increased sweat glands
      • Reduced hair coverage
    • Exposure to sunlight is harmful to the human body through:
      • Skin cancer from DNA damage by UV light
      • Reduced folate levels in blood
    • Sunlight is also beneficial to the human body because:
      • It triggers vitamin D production
    • Vitamin D is vital for proper calcium absorption
    • Low vitamin D levels can result in rickets which are soft, weak bones that easily break
    • Skin pigmentation helps with protection from the harmful effects of the sun, but also hinders vitamin D production
    • The degree of pigmentation is genetically linked to the exposure to sunlight throughout human evolutionary history
    • Dark skinned people produce more melanin for protection against UV light
    • Light skinned people produce less melanin so that they can create sufficient vitamin D in low sunlight environments

    Skeletal system aging

    • The skeletal system is most impacted by aging in the joints and bone matrix
    • The bone matrix loses collagen over time which makes it brittle
    • Bone mass decreases as a person ages
    • Both men and women lose bone density after the age of 35
    • Women experience a more accelerated decline in bone density after menopause
    • The joints are also impacted by aging
    • Articular cartilage can wear down with use
    • Bone loss associated with aging increases the risk for bone fractures
    • Loss of trabeculae increases the risk of vertebrae fractures
    • Bone loss can contribute to pain, stiffness, deformity, and tooth loss

    Fractures

    • Blood calcium levels are regulated by:
    • Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    • Vitamin D
    • Calcitonin
    • PTH and vitamin D are released when calcium levels are low
    • Calcitonin is released when calcium levels are high
    • PTH increases calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, intestinal absorption, and renal reabsorption of calcium.
    • An impacted fracture occurs when one fragment of bone becomes embedded in the spongy bone of another fragment

    Dislocated shoulder

    • The shoulder is the most common joint to be dislocated
    • Dislocations occur when the head of the humerus is forced out of the glenoid cavity
    • Most dislocations cause stretching of the joint capsule
    • Most dislocations are treated manually by pulling the humeral head back into the glenoid cavity
    • Repeated dislocations are more likely after the first dislocation, as the joint capsule has been stretched
    • People with loose joints are more predisposed to dislocations

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Animal Physiology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between cellular injury and cancer, focusing on the most common type of cancer—skin cancer. It covers the types, causes, and risk factors associated with skin cancer, as well as treatment options for basal cell carcinoma. Test your knowledge on this critical health topic.

    More Like This

    Skin Cancer and the Rule of Nines
    4 questions

    Skin Cancer and the Rule of Nines

    TenaciousRapture avatar
    TenaciousRapture
    Skin Cancer and Arthritis Quiz
    5 questions

    Skin Cancer and Arthritis Quiz

    AmenableLeopard avatar
    AmenableLeopard
    Skin Cancer Types and Characteristics
    18 questions

    Skin Cancer Types and Characteristics

    LavishCerberus avatar
    LavishCerberus
    Clase N° 6: Cáncer de Piel
    40 questions

    Clase N° 6: Cáncer de Piel

    BrighterGlacier2546 avatar
    BrighterGlacier2546
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser