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Questions and Answers
What role does keratin play in the integumentary system?
What role does keratin play in the integumentary system?
- It acts as a nutrient reservoir for skin cells.
- It synthesizes essential hormones for skin health.
- It regulates blood flow to the dermis.
- It provides structural integrity and toughness to skin cells. (correct)
Which layer of the skin contains the highest concentration of melanin?
Which layer of the skin contains the highest concentration of melanin?
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum basale (correct)
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
Which immune response cells are primarily located in the epidermis?
Which immune response cells are primarily located in the epidermis?
- Macrophages
- T cells
- Langerhans cells (correct)
- B cells
What is a key characteristic of the dermis in the integumentary system?
What is a key characteristic of the dermis in the integumentary system?
Which function of the integumentary system helps in the synthesis of vitamin D?
Which function of the integumentary system helps in the synthesis of vitamin D?
How does the integumentary system help prevent water loss?
How does the integumentary system help prevent water loss?
What is one of the primary protective functions of the integumentary system?
What is one of the primary protective functions of the integumentary system?
What contributes to the acidic environment of the skin, inhibiting microbial growth?
What contributes to the acidic environment of the skin, inhibiting microbial growth?
What is the primary function of keratin in the epidermis?
What is the primary function of keratin in the epidermis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the layers of the epidermis?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the layers of the epidermis?
What role does melanin play in the skin?
What role does melanin play in the skin?
Which cells in the epidermis are primarily responsible for immune response?
Which cells in the epidermis are primarily responsible for immune response?
What is the primary component of the dermis that provides structural integrity?
What is the primary component of the dermis that provides structural integrity?
How does the structure of the dermis differ from that of the epidermis?
How does the structure of the dermis differ from that of the epidermis?
Which of these components is NOT found in the dermis?
Which of these components is NOT found in the dermis?
What distinguishes the reticular layer of the dermis from the papillary layer?
What distinguishes the reticular layer of the dermis from the papillary layer?
What type of skin cancer arises from cells in the stratum basale and is characterized by shiny, dome-shaped nodules?
What type of skin cancer arises from cells in the stratum basale and is characterized by shiny, dome-shaped nodules?
Which skin cancer is induced primarily by UV exposure and arises from the stratum spinosum?
Which skin cancer is induced primarily by UV exposure and arises from the stratum spinosum?
What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
Which cells in the immune response are important for recognizing and fighting skin cancers like melanoma?
Which cells in the immune response are important for recognizing and fighting skin cancers like melanoma?
What is the diameter characteristic of melanoma that may indicate the need for further examination?
What is the diameter characteristic of melanoma that may indicate the need for further examination?
Which type of skin cancer accounts for only 5 percent of skin cancers but is the most deadly?
Which type of skin cancer accounts for only 5 percent of skin cancers but is the most deadly?
In the context of skin lesions, what does irregular border indicate according to the ABCDE rule?
In the context of skin lesions, what does irregular border indicate according to the ABCDE rule?
What structure is primarily responsible for the production of keratin in the skin?
What structure is primarily responsible for the production of keratin in the skin?
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Study Notes
Most Common Skin Cancers
- Basal cell carcinoma is the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, arising from altered cells in the stratum basale.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is believed to be induced by UV exposure and arises from cells in the stratum spinosum.
- Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, accounting for only 5% of cases.
Recognizing Malignant Melanoma
- The ABCDE rule is used for recognizing melanoma:
- Asymmetry: Two sides of the mole do not match.
- Border irregularity: Borders of the mole are not smooth.
- Color: Different colors in the pigmented area.
- Diameter: Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter.
- Evolution: One or more of the ABCD characteristics is evolving.
Key Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protection:
- From mechanical damage (bumps and cuts)
- From chemical damage (acids and bases)
- From thermal damage (heat or cold)
- From UV radiation (sunlight)
- From microbes (bacteria)
- From water loss
- Regulation of heat loss: Controlled by the nervous system.
- Excretion: Sweat aids in the loss of urea, salts, and water.
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Protective acid mantle: Secretions create a protective acid mantle.
Structure and Function of Epidermis
- Stratum basale: The deepest layer of the epidermis, responsible for cell division and producing new keratinocytes.
- Stratum spinosum: Composed of spiny keratinocytes, responsible for skin strength.
- Stratum granulosum: Contains keratinocytes that are flattening and producing keratin.
- Stratum lucidum: A clear layer found only in thick skin, such as palms and soles.
- Stratum corneum: The outermost layer, composed of dead keratinocytes, providing a tough, protective barrier.
Structure and Function of Dermis
- Papillary layer: Superficial layer containing dermal papillae, which interlock with the epidermis.
- Reticular layer: Deeper layer containing collagen and elastic fibers, responsible for skin's strength and elasticity.
Skin Appendages
- Hair: Composed of protein keratin, providing insulation and protection.
- Glands:
- Sweat glands: Produce sweat for thermoregulation.
- Oil glands: Produce sebum to lubricate skin and hair.
- Nails: Made of keratin, protecting the fingertips and toes.
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