Cellular Immune Response - Antigen Presentation and Tc Cell Activation
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?

  • The infected cell develops the ability to enhance the invader
  • The infected cell releases anti-inflammatory cytokines
  • The infected cell undergoes rapid apoptosis, preventing invader growth (correct)
  • The infected cell proliferates rapidly, promoting invader growth

    • Which type of antigens are involved in the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?

  • Foreign antigens
  • Internal antigens
  • Endogenous antigens (correct)
  • Exogenous antigens

    • Which pathway for apoptosis involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria?

  • Cytotoxic pathway
  • Programmed cell death pathway
  • Intrinsic pathway (correct)
  • Extrinsic pathway

    • What cellular structure is responsible for the recruitment and activation of caspase 9 in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

    <p>Apoptosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After undergoing apoptosis, what happens to the lipid content of dying cells?

    <p>Lipid binds to macrophages and dendritic cells for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of apoptotic cells have on T-cell stimulation?

    <p>Apoptotic cells suppress T-cell stimulation and induce tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells die passively as a result of severe damage such as trauma or toxicity?

    <p>Necrotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells engulf necrotic cells during inflammation?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to trigger the Tc response in cellular immune response?

    <p>Endogenous antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are involved in stimulating IL-12 and CCL22 production in dendritic cells?

    <p>Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do activated CD8+ Tc leave lymphoid organs to seek in cellular immune response?

    <p>Intracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do activated CD8+ Tc kill their targets in the cellular immune response?

    <p>Perforin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?

    <p>Endogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteasomes in the cellular immune response?

    <p>Recycling peptide fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein marks ubiquinated proteins for destruction in the cellular immune response?

    <p>Proteasome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transporter proteins TAP in the cellular immune response?

    <p>Selecting peptides from the cytoplasm to endoplasmic reticulum lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many MHC-peptide complexes can a cell express?

    <p>~106</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor binds to MHC II and is associated with T helper cells?

    <p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?

    <p>Enhancing the binding between Tc and its target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human T cells are CD4+CD8-?

    <p>~65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecules cluster at the center of the immunological synapse formed between a Tc cell and a target cell?

    <p>CD8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?

    <p>Binding of CD28 to CD86 on target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Tc granules' contents after they are secreted into the intracellular space of the synapse?

    <p>They aggregate polyperforins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?

    <p>CD2-CD58 or CD48</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the cellular immune response, what is the final phase following 'lethal hit'?

    <p>Cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?

    <p>CD64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?

    <p>Effector or cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?

    <p>CD3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?

    <p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for regulating immune responses?

    <p>T helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?

    <p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?

    <p>CD3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not a cytokine?

    <p>CD40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these T cell populations promotes cell-mediated immune responses?

    <p>Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not a complement receptor?

    <p>CD64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of CD40 on dendritic cells during the cellular immune response?

    <p>Up-regulating MHC expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?

    <p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lipid content of dying infected cells in the cellular immune response?

    <p>It is released into the extracellular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of IL-2 in the activation of CD8+ Tc cells?

    <p>Promoting cytokine synthesis by CD8+ Tc cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cellular immune response, what directly causes the activation of CD8+ Tc cells when they encounter endogenous antigens?

    <p>MHC I on abnormal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TNF-ß in cellular immune response?

    <p>Binds to TNF-ß death receptors on target cells to induce apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for trimerizing CD95L and CD95 to form DISC in Tc cells?

    <p>Granzyme B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?

    <p>Binding to target cells' antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th2 cells in rodents?

    <p>IL-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of CD178 (CD95L) by CD95 (fas) in Tc or NK cells?

    <p>Formation of DISC with caspase 8 and 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for directly killing target cells by activating sphingomyelinases leading to apoptosis?

    <p>Granulysin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?

    <p>To enhance the binding between Tc and its target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?

    <p>CD2-CD58 or CD48</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released into the intracellular space of the synapse after Tc granules are secreted?

    <p>Perforins and granzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of polyperforins in the cellular immune response?

    <p>To insert transmembrane channels into the target membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?

    <p>Signal from Ag-MHC-CD8 complexes and costimulatory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lipid content of dying cells after undergoing apoptosis?

    <p>It is phagocytosed by macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these microorganisms is not typically associated with survival and multiplication inside macrophages?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cytokines is not primarily produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?

    <p>Interleukin-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not involved in the activation of macrophages during the cellular immune response?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these T cell populations is not involved in the destruction of infected cells during the cellular immune response?

    <p>Naive T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cells is not responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?

    <p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?

    <p>CD64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?

    <p>Effector or cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?

    <p>Endogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?

    <p>Binding to MHC Ia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?

    <p>CD118</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?

    <p>CD64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?

    <p>TCR-peptide + MHC and costimulatory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?

    <p>IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cellular immune response contribute to the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?

    <p>By inducing membrane blebbing and caspase activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule plays a crucial role in the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death by binding to the CD95 death receptor?

    <p>Cytokines like TNF-ɑ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the apoptosome in the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death?

    <p>Recruits and activates caspase 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes the presentation of antigens from apoptotic cells compared to other infected cells by dendritic cells?

    <p>Expression of costimulatory molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of endonuclease activation in the process of programmed cell death?

    <p>Cleaves DNA during cellular immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are T cells not stimulated but turned off when dendritic cells present antigens from apoptotic cells?

    <p>Presence of costimulatory molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?

    <p>Enhancing the binding between Tc and its target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional adhesion molecules are involved in the interaction between a Tc cell and its target?

    <p>CD2-CD58</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the center of the immunological synapse between a Tc cell and a target cell?

    <p>Clustering of TCRs and signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of perforins released by CD8+ Tc cells?

    <p>Inserting into the target cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final phase of the cellular immune response following the 'lethal hit'?

    <p>Cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which Granzyme B triggers the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the target cell?

    <p>Perforin injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules compose the polyperforins that are formed after P aggregation?

    <p>$12-18$ monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in forming the DISC (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) during the CD95 (Fas) pathway activation in Tc cells?

    <p>Caspase 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytotoxin, similar to CD95L, can bind to TNF-ß death receptors on target cells inducing apoptosis?

    <p>CD178 (Fas-ligand)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?

    <p>ADCC promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subset of CD4+ T helper cells is responsible for producing IL-2 and IFN-γ?

    <p>Th1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antibacterial peptide produced by Tc and NK cells after activation, leading to target cell death through lipid membrane attack?

    <p>Granulysin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cytokines is primarily involved in macrophage activation during the cellular immune response?

    <p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cells is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens in the cellular immune response?

    <p>Tc cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?

    <p>CD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cytokines is not predominantly produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?

    <p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor has a moderate affinity for IgG and only binds immune complexes?

    <p>CD32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocytes are responsible for secreting immunoglobulins and destroying exogenous antigens?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major surface receptor of T cells binds to C3d and C3bi?

    <p>CD21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) chains are associated with CD3?

    <p>α and β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which costimulatory molecule is found on T-cells and binds to CD40 on APCs?

    <p>CD154</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is produced by APCs and stimulates Th1 cells?

    <p>IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T helper cell subpopulation promotes cell-mediated immune responses and produces IL-2 and IFN-γ?

    <p>Th1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antigens are recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?

    <p>Endogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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