Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?
What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?
- The infected cell develops the ability to enhance the invader
- The infected cell releases anti-inflammatory cytokines
- The infected cell undergoes rapid apoptosis, preventing invader growth (correct)
- The infected cell proliferates rapidly, promoting invader growth
Which type of antigens are involved in the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?
Which type of antigens are involved in the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?
- Foreign antigens
- Internal antigens
- Endogenous antigens (correct)
- Exogenous antigens
Which pathway for apoptosis involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria?
Which pathway for apoptosis involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria?
- Cytotoxic pathway
- Programmed cell death pathway
- Intrinsic pathway (correct)
- Extrinsic pathway
What cellular structure is responsible for the recruitment and activation of caspase 9 in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
What cellular structure is responsible for the recruitment and activation of caspase 9 in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?
After undergoing apoptosis, what happens to the lipid content of dying cells?
After undergoing apoptosis, what happens to the lipid content of dying cells?
What effect does the presence of apoptotic cells have on T-cell stimulation?
What effect does the presence of apoptotic cells have on T-cell stimulation?
What type of cells die passively as a result of severe damage such as trauma or toxicity?
What type of cells die passively as a result of severe damage such as trauma or toxicity?
Which cells engulf necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which cells engulf necrotic cells during inflammation?
What is required to trigger the Tc response in cellular immune response?
What is required to trigger the Tc response in cellular immune response?
Which molecules are involved in stimulating IL-12 and CCL22 production in dendritic cells?
Which molecules are involved in stimulating IL-12 and CCL22 production in dendritic cells?
What do activated CD8+ Tc leave lymphoid organs to seek in cellular immune response?
What do activated CD8+ Tc leave lymphoid organs to seek in cellular immune response?
How do activated CD8+ Tc kill their targets in the cellular immune response?
How do activated CD8+ Tc kill their targets in the cellular immune response?
Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
What is the role of proteasomes in the cellular immune response?
What is the role of proteasomes in the cellular immune response?
Which protein marks ubiquinated proteins for destruction in the cellular immune response?
Which protein marks ubiquinated proteins for destruction in the cellular immune response?
What is the function of transporter proteins TAP in the cellular immune response?
What is the function of transporter proteins TAP in the cellular immune response?
How many MHC-peptide complexes can a cell express?
How many MHC-peptide complexes can a cell express?
Which receptor binds to MHC II and is associated with T helper cells?
Which receptor binds to MHC II and is associated with T helper cells?
What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What percentage of human T cells are CD4+CD8-?
What percentage of human T cells are CD4+CD8-?
Which signaling molecules cluster at the center of the immunological synapse formed between a Tc cell and a target cell?
Which signaling molecules cluster at the center of the immunological synapse formed between a Tc cell and a target cell?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
What happens to Tc granules' contents after they are secreted into the intracellular space of the synapse?
What happens to Tc granules' contents after they are secreted into the intracellular space of the synapse?
Which molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?
Which molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?
During the cellular immune response, what is the final phase following 'lethal hit'?
During the cellular immune response, what is the final phase following 'lethal hit'?
Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?
Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?
Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?
Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for regulating immune responses?
Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for regulating immune responses?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?
Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?
Which one of these molecules is not a cytokine?
Which one of these molecules is not a cytokine?
Which one of these T cell populations promotes cell-mediated immune responses?
Which one of these T cell populations promotes cell-mediated immune responses?
Which one of these molecules is not a complement receptor?
Which one of these molecules is not a complement receptor?
Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
What is the primary role of CD40 on dendritic cells during the cellular immune response?
What is the primary role of CD40 on dendritic cells during the cellular immune response?
Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?
Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?
What happens to the lipid content of dying infected cells in the cellular immune response?
What happens to the lipid content of dying infected cells in the cellular immune response?
What is the main function of IL-2 in the activation of CD8+ Tc cells?
What is the main function of IL-2 in the activation of CD8+ Tc cells?
In the cellular immune response, what directly causes the activation of CD8+ Tc cells when they encounter endogenous antigens?
In the cellular immune response, what directly causes the activation of CD8+ Tc cells when they encounter endogenous antigens?
What is the role of TNF-ß in cellular immune response?
What is the role of TNF-ß in cellular immune response?
Which protein is responsible for trimerizing CD95L and CD95 to form DISC in Tc cells?
Which protein is responsible for trimerizing CD95L and CD95 to form DISC in Tc cells?
What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?
What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th2 cells in rodents?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th2 cells in rodents?
What is the result of the binding of CD178 (CD95L) by CD95 (fas) in Tc or NK cells?
What is the result of the binding of CD178 (CD95L) by CD95 (fas) in Tc or NK cells?
Which protein is responsible for directly killing target cells by activating sphingomyelinases leading to apoptosis?
Which protein is responsible for directly killing target cells by activating sphingomyelinases leading to apoptosis?
What is the primary function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What is the primary function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?
What molecules mediate the additional adhesion between a Tc cell and its target?
What is released into the intracellular space of the synapse after Tc granules are secreted?
What is released into the intracellular space of the synapse after Tc granules are secreted?
What is the role of polyperforins in the cellular immune response?
What is the role of polyperforins in the cellular immune response?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
What happens to the lipid content of dying cells after undergoing apoptosis?
What happens to the lipid content of dying cells after undergoing apoptosis?
Which one of these microorganisms is not typically associated with survival and multiplication inside macrophages?
Which one of these microorganisms is not typically associated with survival and multiplication inside macrophages?
Which one of these cytokines is not primarily produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cytokines is not primarily produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these molecules is not involved in the activation of macrophages during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these molecules is not involved in the activation of macrophages during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these T cell populations is not involved in the destruction of infected cells during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these T cell populations is not involved in the destruction of infected cells during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cells is not responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which one of these cells is not responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?
Which one of these molecules is not a costimulator?
Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Which one of these T cell populations is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
Which type of antigen is recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What is the primary role of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
Which one of these molecules is not part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?
What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?
What is one of the mechanisms by which infected cells can be destroyed?
Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?
Which one of these receptors has high affinity for IgG?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
What is required for optimal activation of CD8+ T cells?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?
Which cytokine is predominantly produced by Th1 cells?
How does the cellular immune response contribute to the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?
How does the cellular immune response contribute to the destruction of viruses located in the cell cytoplasm or nucleus?
Which molecule plays a crucial role in the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death by binding to the CD95 death receptor?
Which molecule plays a crucial role in the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death by binding to the CD95 death receptor?
What is the main function of the apoptosome in the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death?
What is the main function of the apoptosome in the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death?
Which feature distinguishes the presentation of antigens from apoptotic cells compared to other infected cells by dendritic cells?
Which feature distinguishes the presentation of antigens from apoptotic cells compared to other infected cells by dendritic cells?
What is the role of endonuclease activation in the process of programmed cell death?
What is the role of endonuclease activation in the process of programmed cell death?
Why are T cells not stimulated but turned off when dendritic cells present antigens from apoptotic cells?
Why are T cells not stimulated but turned off when dendritic cells present antigens from apoptotic cells?
What is the main function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What is the main function of CD8 on a Tc cell during adhesion?
What additional adhesion molecules are involved in the interaction between a Tc cell and its target?
What additional adhesion molecules are involved in the interaction between a Tc cell and its target?
What occurs at the center of the immunological synapse between a Tc cell and a target cell?
What occurs at the center of the immunological synapse between a Tc cell and a target cell?
What is the primary role of perforins released by CD8+ Tc cells?
What is the primary role of perforins released by CD8+ Tc cells?
What is the final phase of the cellular immune response following the 'lethal hit'?
What is the final phase of the cellular immune response following the 'lethal hit'?
What is the mechanism through which Granzyme B triggers the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the target cell?
What is the mechanism through which Granzyme B triggers the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the target cell?
Which molecules compose the polyperforins that are formed after P aggregation?
Which molecules compose the polyperforins that are formed after P aggregation?
Which protein is involved in forming the DISC (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) during the CD95 (Fas) pathway activation in Tc cells?
Which protein is involved in forming the DISC (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) during the CD95 (Fas) pathway activation in Tc cells?
Which cytotoxin, similar to CD95L, can bind to TNF-ß death receptors on target cells inducing apoptosis?
Which cytotoxin, similar to CD95L, can bind to TNF-ß death receptors on target cells inducing apoptosis?
What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?
What is the main function of FcγRI and FcγRII in cellular immune response?
Which subset of CD4+ T helper cells is responsible for producing IL-2 and IFN-γ?
Which subset of CD4+ T helper cells is responsible for producing IL-2 and IFN-γ?
What is the antibacterial peptide produced by Tc and NK cells after activation, leading to target cell death through lipid membrane attack?
What is the antibacterial peptide produced by Tc and NK cells after activation, leading to target cell death through lipid membrane attack?
Which one of these cytokines is primarily involved in macrophage activation during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cytokines is primarily involved in macrophage activation during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cells is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens in the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cells is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens in the cellular immune response?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these receptors is expressed only on Th cells and recognize MHC II?
Which one of these cytokines is not predominantly produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?
Which one of these cytokines is not predominantly produced by Th1 cells during the cellular immune response?
Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?
Which signaling molecule is predominantly secreted by Th1 cells to activate dendritic cells?
Which receptor has a moderate affinity for IgG and only binds immune complexes?
Which receptor has a moderate affinity for IgG and only binds immune complexes?
Which type of lymphocytes are responsible for secreting immunoglobulins and destroying exogenous antigens?
Which type of lymphocytes are responsible for secreting immunoglobulins and destroying exogenous antigens?
Which major surface receptor of T cells binds to C3d and C3bi?
Which major surface receptor of T cells binds to C3d and C3bi?
Which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) chains are associated with CD3?
Which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) chains are associated with CD3?
Which costimulatory molecule is found on T-cells and binds to CD40 on APCs?
Which costimulatory molecule is found on T-cells and binds to CD40 on APCs?
Which cytokine is produced by APCs and stimulates Th1 cells?
Which cytokine is produced by APCs and stimulates Th1 cells?
Which T helper cell subpopulation promotes cell-mediated immune responses and produces IL-2 and IFN-γ?
Which T helper cell subpopulation promotes cell-mediated immune responses and produces IL-2 and IFN-γ?
Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which type of cells are responsible for engulfing necrotic cells during inflammation?
Which type of antigens are recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
Which type of antigens are recognized by Tc cells on MHC Ia, not MHC II?
Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Which T cell population is responsible for destroying endogenous antigens?
Flashcards
Apoptosis
Apoptosis
A mechanism by which infected cells are eliminated to prevent invader growth. The cell programmatically self-destructs, preventing viral replication.
Endogenous Antigens
Endogenous Antigens
Antigens produced by infected cells that are presented on MHC I molecules. These antigens alert cytotoxic T cells to the presence of intracellular invaders.
Intrinsic Pathway
Intrinsic Pathway
One of the two main pathways leading to apoptosis. It is triggered by internal cellular stress, such as DNA damage. Involves release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
Apoptosome
Apoptosome
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Lipid Exposure in Apoptosis
Lipid Exposure in Apoptosis
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Apoptotic Cells and T-Cell Suppression
Apoptotic Cells and T-Cell Suppression
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Necrotic Cells
Necrotic Cells
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Dendritic Cells and Necrosis
Dendritic Cells and Necrosis
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Endogenous Antigen Presentation
Endogenous Antigen Presentation
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Th1 Cells and Dendritic Cell Activation
Th1 Cells and Dendritic Cell Activation
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Tc Cell Search and Destroy
Tc Cell Search and Destroy
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Perforin Pathway
Perforin Pathway
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Tc Cell Recognition
Tc Cell Recognition
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Proteasomes in Antigen Presentation
Proteasomes in Antigen Presentation
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Proteasome and Ubiquitination
Proteasome and Ubiquitination
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TAP Transporter Proteins
TAP Transporter Proteins
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MHC-Peptide Complex Diversity
MHC-Peptide Complex Diversity
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CD4 and MHC II
CD4 and MHC II
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CD8 and Tc Cell Adhesion
CD8 and Tc Cell Adhesion
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CD4+CD8- T Cells
CD4+CD8- T Cells
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CD8 in the Immunological Synapse
CD8 in the Immunological Synapse
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CD28-CD86 Interaction
CD28-CD86 Interaction
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Perforin Aggregation
Perforin Aggregation
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Additional Tc Cell Adhesion
Additional Tc Cell Adhesion
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Cell Death
Cell Death
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CD64 Receptor
CD64 Receptor
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Cytotoxic T Cells
Cytotoxic T Cells
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CD3 and the Immunoglobulin Superfamily
CD3 and the Immunoglobulin Superfamily
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IFN-γ and Th1 Cells
IFN-γ and Th1 Cells
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T Helper Cells
T Helper Cells
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CD4 and Th Cells
CD4 and Th Cells
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CD3 and Costimulatory Molecules
CD3 and Costimulatory Molecules
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CD40 and Cytokines
CD40 and Cytokines
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Th1 Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity
Th1 Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity
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CD64 and Other Molecules
CD64 and Other Molecules
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Dendritic Cells and Phagocytosis
Dendritic Cells and Phagocytosis
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CD40 Upregulates MHC Expression
CD40 Upregulates MHC Expression
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IFN-γ Activates Dendritic Cells
IFN-γ Activates Dendritic Cells
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Lipid Release in Cellular Immunity
Lipid Release in Cellular Immunity
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IL-2 in Tc Cell Activation
IL-2 in Tc Cell Activation
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Tc Cell Activation by Endogenous Antigens
Tc Cell Activation by Endogenous Antigens
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TNF-ß and Apoptosis
TNF-ß and Apoptosis
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Granzyme B and DISC Formation
Granzyme B and DISC Formation
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FcγRI and FcγRII in ADCC
FcγRI and FcγRII in ADCC
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IL-5 and Th2 Cells
IL-5 and Th2 Cells
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CD178-CD95 Interaction
CD178-CD95 Interaction
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Granulysin and Apoptosis
Granulysin and Apoptosis
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CD8 in Tc Cell Adhesion
CD8 in Tc Cell Adhesion
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Additional Adhesion in Tc Cell Killing
Additional Adhesion in Tc Cell Killing
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Tc Granule Contents
Tc Granule Contents
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