36 Questions
What is the primary role of IFN-γ for TH1 cells?
Activates macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
How does IFN-γ affect the development of other T cell subsets?
Amplifies the TH1 subset and inhibits TH2 and TH17 differentiation
Which cells play a central role in phagocyte-independent defense mediated by the TH2 subset?
Eosinophils and mast cells
What is one of the therapeutic uses of IFN-γ in veterinary medicine?
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with recombinant IFN-γ
How does IFN-γ influence B cells regarding immunoglobulin subclass switching?
Promotes IgG2a subclass switching and inhibits IgE switching
Which interactions activate macrophages through contact-mediated signals for TH1 cells?
CD40L-CD40 interactions
What is responsible for the differentiation of TH2 cells?
IL-4
Which cytokines are the main ones produced by TH2 cells?
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
What is the function of TH2 cells in combating infections?
Producing IgE
Which subset is responsible for inducing neutrophil-rich inflammation?
TH17 subset
What initiates the differentiation of TH17 cells?
IL-1 and IL-6
What is a function of the TH17 cells in combating microbes?
Producing antimicrobial substances
Which cytokines are involved in the development of TH1 cells?
IL-12 and IFN-γ
What is the primary function of TH1 cells?
Activating macrophages to ingest and destroy microbes
Which transcription factors are involved in TH1 differentiation?
T-bet, STAT1, and STAT4
Which CD4+ T cell subset is the major effector T cell population in phagocyte-mediated host defense?
TH1
Which subset of CD4+ T cells is induced by microbes that are ingested by phagocytes?
TH1
Which CD4+ T cell subset is involved in antibody production?
Follicular helper T cells
How does IFN-γ affect the development of TH2 and TH17 cells?
Inhibits the development of both TH2 and TH17 cells
What is the role of IFN-γ in antigen presentation?
Stimulates the expression of molecules that enhance antigen presentation
Which cells play a central role in phagocyte-independent defense mediated by the TH2 subset?
Eosinophils and mast cells
What is the therapeutic use of IFN-γ in veterinary medicine mentioned in the text?
Treatment of atopic dermatitis
How do TH1 cells activate macrophages?
Through contact-mediated signals delivered by CD40L-CD40 interactions and IFN-γ
What is the effect of IFN-γ on B cells regarding immunoglobulin subclass switching?
Promotes switching to IgG2a and inhibits switching to IgE
What is the main role of TH2 cells?
Stimulating the production of IgE and eosinophils
Which cytokines are predominantly associated with TH17 cells?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-23
What is the function of TH2 cells in combating infections?
Stimulating alternative macrophage activation
Which T cell subset is responsible for inducing neutrophil-rich inflammation?
TH17 Cells
What initiates the differentiation of TH17 cells?
Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in response to bacteria and fungi
What is a key function of TH2 cells?
Stimulating the production of IgE and eosinophils
What is the initial activation site for CD4+ T cells in response to infections?
Lymphoid organs
Which cytokine is primarily involved in activating macrophages for TH1 cells?
IFN-γ
Which CD4+ T cell subset is primarily responsible for inducing neutrophil-rich inflammation?
TH17
Which cells play a central role in phagocyte-independent defense mediated by the TH2 subset?
Eosinophils
Which transcription factors are involved in TH1 differentiation?
T-bet, STAT1, and STAT4
Which CD4+ T cell subset is involved in activating macrophages to ingest and destroy microbes?
TH1
Learn about the key functional subsets of CD4+ T cells, their cytokine production, and roles in eradicating infections. Explore the process of initial activation, generation of effector and memory cells in CD4+ T cell responses.
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