Cellular Energetics Quiz

___ is the carbon-containing compound produced by glycolysis.

In the glycolytic pathway, which of the following are allosterically controlled enzymes?

Yeasts use fermentation to synthesize ATP:

In the overall reaction for cellular respiration, glucose is:

Phosphofructokinase is ____ active in the glycolytic pathway when the levels of ATP are high in cell because ____.

In the absence of oxygen, NAD+ is recovered by ____, which leads to a net production of ____ ATP molecules for each glucose molecule broken down.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding mitochondrial structure?

Which of the following health-related conditions are NOT related to mitochondrial function?

Electron transport from NADH and FADH2 to O2 occurs in the:

Compared with glucose, oxidation of which of the following is more important in humans as a source of ATP?

The four stages of glucose oxidation are listed below. Place them in the correct order. I. pyruvate oxidation to CO2 in the mitochondrion via a 2-carbon acetyl CoA intermediate (citric acid cycle) II. electron transport to generate a proton motive force III. conversion in the cytosol of one 6-carbon glucose molecule to two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules (pyruvate) (glycolysis) IV. ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion (oxidative phosphorylation)

The molecule that immediately enters the citric acid cycle is formed by which process?

The first step in the citric acid cycle occurs when acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form:

Glucose is not the only energy-containing molecule that can enter cellular respiration pathways. Which food source is most likely to enter the citric acid cycle as fatty acids?

NADH-COQ reductase and CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase each use the energy derived from electron transfer to transport ____ the mitochondrial matrix.

___ is a lipid soluble molecule that acts to shuttle electrons within the mitochondrial inner membrane.

In mitochondria, the proton-motive force is due largely to:

During cellular respiration, the electron transport chain utilizes the energy produced from passing electrons from one molecule to the next to create:

Which of the following statement(s) regarding the origin of the mitochondria is(are) TRUE?

During ATP synthesis, protons move “down” their electrochemical gradient through:

Transport of pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix depends on energy provided by:

Brown-fat mitochondria uncouple oxidative phosphorylation to produce:

A major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animal cells is:

In chloroplasts, light absorption, electron transport, and ATP synthesis all occur:

The principal pigment involved in photosynthesis is:

In photosynthesis, all of the following reactions are directly dependent on light, except:

Based on what you know about the action spectra of photosynthesis, irradiating a leaf with which of the following light types would result in the release of the greatest quantities of oxygen?

The "tail" of chlorophyll is hydrophobic, which is important for:

Plastoquinone, like ubiquinone, can move freely within the membrane. This is important for its function as:

What is the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Early investigators thought the oxygen produced by photosynthetic plants came from carbon dioxide. In fact, it comes from:

Cyclic electron flow in the thylakoid membrane generates:

During photosynthesis, O2 is produced:

During cyclic electron flow, electron transport:

All of the following statements describe the process of photorespiration, except:

The enzymes that catalyze the Calvin cycle are found in the:

The fixation of CO2 into carbohydrates is catalyzed by:

Plants use ____ to transport sucrose to all regions of the organism.

Why doesn't the Calvin cycle end after a three-carbon sugar is produced?

The Calvin cycle:

What is the role of substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

During prolonged exercise, oxygen is scarce in muscle tissue. Under these conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to two molecules of lactic acid. What happens to the lactic acid that is generated in this way?

What is the function of the malate–aspartate shuttle?

What molecule acts as an electron donor during photosynthesis in chloroplasts? What alternative is used by some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple bacteria)?

Which components of PSII are responsible for producing the proton-motive force?

ATP synthase is composed of two oligomeric proteins, F0 and F1. What is the function of each protein complex and where is each found in mitochondria?

What is the source of the energy for carbon fixation?

What is photorespiration? How is it related to photosynthesis?

Explain how the rates of photosynthesis in plants like corn and sugarcane can be two to three times faster than the rates of photosynthesis in plants like wheat or rice.

Which stages of photosynthesis can occur only in the light and which can also occur in the dark?

What is the role of quinone in generating the charge separation needed to remove electrons from H2O for use in electron transport?

Each cytochrome in the electron transport chain has a different reduction potential. What is the importance of these differences for electron transport?