Cellular Energetics and Respiration

<p>A voltage gradient across the inner membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for a directional flow of electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide electrons for the electron transport chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may cause problems with energy metabolism throughout the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of glucose to pyruvate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphofructokinase-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the absence of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To synthesize ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is secreted into the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates a significant number of NADH and FADH2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner mitochondrial membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the breakdown of glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is recovered by converting pyruvate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cristae increase the surface area for biochemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parkinson’s disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both processes can occur without oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) in cellular respiration

Phosphofructokinase activity is low when intracellular ATP levels are high, ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor.

In the absence of oxygen, fermentation regenerates NAD+ which is crucial for glycolysis, yielding 2 ATP molecules per glucose.

Contains proteins needed for ATP production, and has higher surface area than the outer membrane due to cristae.

Conditions like Parkinson's, Kearns-Sayre syndrome and aging are associated with issues in mitochondrial function, but not Tay-Sachs disease.

Electron transport from NADH and FADH2 to O2 occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane.

Oxidizing other molecules, besides glucose, is more important than glucose in humans for ATP generation.

Mitochondria contain DNA within the matrix.

A difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane, driving ATP synthesis.

Proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane with differing electron acceptance abilities, driving electron flow.

Lipid-soluble electron carrier in the mitochondrial inner membrane, shuttling electrons.

The electron transport chain uses energy from electron transfer to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Enzyme in the electron transport chain facilitating electron transfer.

The potential energy stored across the inner mitochondrial membrane through proton gradient.

Electrons flow from molecules with lower reduction potentials to molecules with higher reduction potentials in the electron transport chain.

Uses energy from electron transfer to create a proton gradient across the membrane to power ATP synthesis.

Pyruvate is the carbon-containing compound produced by the process of glycolysis.

Phosphofructokinase-1 is an allosterically controlled enzyme in glycolysis.

Yeasts use fermentation to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a way to produce ATP during glycolysis by transferring a high-energy phosphate group to ADP.

During prolonged exercise, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactic acid.

Lactic acid is secreted into the bloodstream, then processed by the liver where it can reoxidized to pyruvate, metabolized to generate energy, or converted back to glucose and stored as glycogen.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

ATP is the primary energy currency of cells. It is produced in various cellular processes.