Cellular Classification: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • The shape of the DNA molecule
  • The number of cells in the organism
  • The presence of a nucleus (correct)
  • The presence of a cell wall
  • What is the function of the cell membrane?

  • To protect the cell from its environment
  • To provide structural support
  • To regulate the flow of materials in and out of the cell (correct)
  • To house the DNA molecule
  • What is the shape of the DNA molecule in prokaryotic cells?

  • Helical
  • Linear
  • Circular (correct)
  • Spiral
  • What is the function of the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>To house the DNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell size?

    <p>Prokaryotes are smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>To move the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall?

    <p>To provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did eukaryotic cells first appear on Earth?

    <p>1.5 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Classification

    • Cells on Earth are categorized into two groups: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotes were the first cells to appear on the planet.
    • All prokaryotes are single-celled.
    • Examples of prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.
    • Prokaryotes are smaller cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • DNA in prokaryote cells is circular, looping around itself like a rubber band, and found in the nucleoid region.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Eukaryotic cells emerged 1.5 billion years after prokaryotes.
    • The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a central control structure, the nucleus, where DNA is housed.
    • Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals, and fungi.
    • Eukaryotic cells can be part of multicellular organisms or single-celled organisms.
    • DNA in eukaryotic cells is linear, with ends, like a piece of spaghetti.

    Common Cell Structures

    • All cells have a cell membrane, which surrounds and defines the inner environment of the cell.
    • The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and additional components.
    • All cells also have ribosomes and cytoplasm.

    Additional Cell Structures

    • Some prokaryotes and eukaryotes have a protective cell wall, a rigid structural support outside the cell membrane.
    • Some cells have external appendages, such as cilia and flagella, which help with movement.
    • Flagella are long extensions that move back and forth to facilitate cell movement, as seen in sperm cells.

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    Description

    Learn about the two main categories of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and their characteristics. Understand the differences between these two cell types.

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