Cellular Adaptations Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is hyperplasia?

  • A decrease in size of cells due to reduced stimulation
  • A shrinkage of an organ or tissue from a decrease in cell size and number
  • An increase in cell size due to synthesis of more structural components
  • An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting in increased volume (correct)

    • What can hypertrophy result from?

  • Loss of hormonal stimulation
  • Increased production of cellular proteins (correct)
  • Decreased functional demand
  • Synthesis of fewer structural components

    • Which condition can lead to cardiac hypertrophy?

  • Pressure atrophy
  • Hormonal stimulation
  • Nerve damage
  • External influence in the arterial system (correct)

    • What does atrophy involve?

    <p>Shrinkage of an organ or tissue from decreased cell size and number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about stem cells is true?

    <p>Stem cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts are known as ES cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metaplasia?

    <p>A change in form of cells from one type to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to the development of pathological hypertrophy?

    <p>Diminished blood supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

    <p>Hyperplasia increases the number of cells, while hypertrophy increases cell size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves a cell developing a specialized function or morphology that differentiates it from its parent cells?

    <p>Differentiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the hallmark of malignant transformation characterized by a lack of differentiation?

    <p>Anaplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the formation of new abnormal tissue growth that exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue growth?

    <p>Neoplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is typical of benign tumors?

    <p>Non-invasive and remains localized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type due to stress?

    <p>Metaplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of tumors is based on the cell of origin?

    <p>Histogenetic classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for disordered growth that could be a precursor to a tumor?

    <p>Dysplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Neoplasm' means:

    <p>'New growth' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Carcinomas' are malignant tumors arising from:

    <p>Epithelial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition where one adult cell type gets replaced by another adult cell type due to stress?

    <p>Metaplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks a tumor as malignant?

    <p>Metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of spread is commonly associated with secondary tumors in regional lymph nodes?

    <p>Lymphatic spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular basis of carcinogenesis according to the text?

    <p>Single precursor cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the principal targets of genetic damage in carcinogenesis?

    <p>Growth promoting oncogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metastases strongly reduce the possibility of cure?

    <p>They mark a tumor as malignant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of spread is RARE according to the text?

    <p>Implantation after operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is non-lethal genetic damage important in carcinogenesis?

    <p>Because it promotes cell proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of genes are involved in regulating programmed cell death (apoptosis)?

    <p>Apoptosis-regulating genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells proliferate faster?

    <p>Tumor cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be of great benefit to cancer patients according to the text?

    <p>Methods to block metastases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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