6 Questions
What is the term for a decrease in cell size, often due to decreased workload or inadequate nutrition?
Atrophy
What is the term for a reversible change in cell type, often in response to chronic irritation or inflammation?
Metaplasia
What is the term for unprogrammed cell death, often due to injury, infection, or toxins?
Necrosis
What is the term for a rapid, self-limiting response to tissue injury or infection?
Acute inflammation
What is the term for the restoration of tissue architecture and function?
Repair
What is the term for a prolonged, persistent response to tissue injury or infection?
Chronic inflammation
Study Notes
Cellular Adaptations
- Atrophy: decrease in cell size, often due to decreased workload or inadequate nutrition
- Hypertrophy: increase in cell size, often due to increased workload or hormonal stimulation
- Hyperplasia: increase in cell number, often due to hormonal stimulation or chronic irritation
- Metaplasia: reversible change in cell type, often in response to chronic irritation or inflammation
- Dysplasia: disorderly growth and maturation of cells, often precancerous
Cellular Injury
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Reversible injury: cell damage that can be repaired, often due to hypoxia, toxins, or infection
- Characterized by cellular swelling, fatty change, and disruption of cellular organelles
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Irreversible injury: cell damage that leads to cell death, often due to severe or prolonged injury
- Characterized by cellular necrosis, apoptosis, or autolysis
Cell Death
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Necrosis: unprogrammed cell death, often due to injury, infection, or toxins
- Characterized by cellular swelling, rupture, and inflammation
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Apoptosis: programmed cell death, often due to genetic regulation or cellular stress
- Characterized by cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and phagocytosis
Inflammation
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Acute inflammation: rapid, self-limiting response to tissue injury or infection
- Characterized by increased blood flow, increased permeability, and white blood cell infiltration
-
Chronic inflammation: prolonged, persistent response to tissue injury or infection
- Characterized by tissue damage, scarring, and ongoing inflammation
Repair and Regeneration
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Repair: restoration of tissue architecture and function
- Characterized by fibrosis, scar formation, and tissue remodeling
-
Regeneration: replacement of damaged tissue with new tissue
- Characterized by stem cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation
Test your knowledge of cellular adaptations, injury, death, inflammation, and repair/regeneration processes. Learn about the different types of cellular changes and responses to injury or infection.
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