Cellular Adaptation Reactions Definitions Quiz

Reversible functional and structural response to more severe physiologic stresses and some pathologic stimuli resulting in new but altered steady state.

Increase in the number of cells.

Increase in the size of cells or organ.

<p>Decrease in size and metabolic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replacement of adult cells by another adult cell type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased functional capacity of tissue for periodic requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endometrial hyperplasia induced by hormone dysbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlargement of cells leading to increased organ size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Erythrocytes, Tissue metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxic stimulation leads to hyperventilation in an attempt to correct hypoxia at the expense of CO2 loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia raises myocardial need for oxygen, potentially leading to myocardial hypoxic injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypovolemia, for example, after blood loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary polycythemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between the saturation of hemoglobin and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanosis is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above 50 g/L.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the inability to obtain a high enough level of reduced hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central cyanosis is related to arterial blood and reduced hemoglobin levels, while peripheral cyanosis is seen in extremities with slower blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue, malaise, anxiety, confusion, insomnia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acral cyanosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissues are red, full with fluid; veins and alveolar capillaries engorged with blood; erythrocyte extravasation may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial pulmonary edema may occur as fluid is pushed from the capillaries into the alveolar septae, while alveolar pulmonary edema may occur as fluid goes into alveoli from the alveolar septae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins and capillaries are full-filled with blood; numerous intraalveolar haemosiderinladed macrophages are present; interstitial fibrosis can be observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-sided heart failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilated jugular veins and ascites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral edema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocyte extravasation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are numerous intraalveolar cells known as s.heart-failure cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>metHb is unable to accept oxygen like the typical 2+ oxidation state, causing a leftward shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon monoxide binds hemoglobin ~250 times more rapidly than oxygen, reducing available binding spots and shifting the curve leftward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal hemoglobin is adapted to have a higher affinity for oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation serves a protective role by defending against injurious agents and removing damaged tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples include pneumonia, ARVI, gut infections, hepatitis, and appendicitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation plays a role in the processes of repair, regeneration, and healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation can be protective (defending against tissue injury) or harmful (contributing to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harmful inflammation can lead to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal deposition of calcium salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) level</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of lipochrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiologic and structural alterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs in basic pH tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect in cellular usage of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocks Krebs cycle enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetrachloromethane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$PaO_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of many tiny, microscopic fibrin thrombi in microcirculation vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis and deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of emboli leading to brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins, oedema, reaction/emigration of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of intercellular endothelial gaps</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-lasting and reactions of lymphocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbial toxins and tissue necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6.5-8.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive haemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes → monocyte → lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replacement of specific tissues by connective tissues and partial renewal of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow of exudates</p> Signup and view all the answers