Cells: The Basic Units of Life
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Questions and Answers

What term is used for a plant that grows on another plant and takes nutrients from it?

  • Predator
  • Parasite (correct)
  • Host
  • Insectivorous

    • What feature of the pitcher plant helps trap insects?

  • Leaves
  • Flowers
  • Hairs (correct)
  • Roots

    • Why do insectivorous plants, despite being green, eat insects?

  • They only grow in water
  • They cannot photosynthesize
  • They lack sunlight
  • They need additional nutrients (correct)

    • What is the modified part of the plant called that traps insects in the pitcher plant?

    <p>Leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of insectivorous plants?

    <p>They get all nutrients from soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrients do insectivorous plants primarily seek from insects?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that allows plants to make their own food?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes organisms that cannot make their own food?

    <p>Heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do plants primarily synthesize their food?

    <p>In their leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plants absorb from the soil to aid in food production?

    <p>Water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nutrient required by living organisms?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrition do plants exhibit?

    <p>Autotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of nutrients for living organisms?

    <p>To build bodies and provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance do plants take in from the air for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chlorophyll in leaves?

    <p>To capture sunlight for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in a cell contains the genetic material?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the plant is responsible for the absorption of water and minerals?

    <p>Roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorbs light energy from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a plant primarily absorbs carbon dioxide?

    <p>Stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during photosynthesis that is essential for the survival of living organisms?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer boundary of a cell called?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is necessary for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plants are designed to minimize water loss?

    <p>Desert plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the photosynthesis equation represent?

    <p>Conversion of sunlight into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process of plants making food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do stomata regulate in plants?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

    <p>It is released into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iodine test in the activity described?

    <p>To check for starch presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to leaves, where else can photosynthesis occur in plants?

    <p>In green stems and branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes leaves other than green to appear in various colors?

    <p>The presence of pigments that mask the green color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do algae prepare their food?

    <p>Through photosynthesis, using chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plants synthesize from carbohydrates?

    <p>Various substances including proteins and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where do plants obtain nitrogen?

    <p>From certain bacteria in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of nutrition used by plants that do not have chlorophyll?

    <p>Heterotrophic mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cuscuta (Amarbel) do to obtain nutrients?

    <p>Take readymade food from other plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can’t plants absorb nitrogen from the air directly?

    <p>It is in a gaseous form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does chlorophyll play in algae?

    <p>It allows them to appear green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of nutrition for fungi?

    <p>Saprotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't fungi make food through photosynthesis?

    <p>They lack chlorophyll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fungi secrete to aid in nutrient absorption?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do fungi typically grow?

    <p>On decaying organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when bread is left in a moist, warm place for a few days?

    <p>Fungi will grow on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organisms that acquire nutrients through saprotrophic nutrition called?

    <p>Saprotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observation on bread that indicates fungal growth?

    <p>Fluffy patches appearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season do fungi often appear suddenly, especially on shoes left outside?

    <p>Rainy season</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fertilizers and manures provide to the soil?

    <p>Plant nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium converts atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form?

    <p>Rhizobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symbiotic relationship?

    <p>A mutually beneficial association between different organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship?

    <p>Bacteria living in the roots of legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the fungus play in lichens?

    <p>Provides shelter and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants typically has a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium?

    <p>Legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungi are known to cause diseases?

    <p>Pathogenic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to protect items from fungal spoilage?

    <p>Maintain dry and ventilated conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants make their own food called?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the plant primarily acts as the food factory?

    <p>Leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plants classified as in terms of nutrition?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which raw materials do plants use for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are dependent on plants for their food intake?

    <p>Heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do plants absorb water and minerals necessary for food production?

    <p>From the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of nutrition in plants?

    <p>The mode of taking and utilizing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes autotrophs from heterotrophs?

    <p>Autotrophs can produce their own food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrition do fungi utilize to absorb nutrients?

    <p>Saprotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are specifically referred to as saprotrophs?

    <p>Fungi that absorb nutrients from decaying matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common observation made with fungi on bread?

    <p>They form fluffy patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing fungal growth on materials like shoes?

    <p>Exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungi differ from green plants in terms of nutrition?

    <p>Fungi cannot photosynthesize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bread left in a warm moist environment for several days?

    <p>It develops mold and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of digestive juices secreted by fungi?

    <p>To break down decaying material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environments do fungi thrive in?

    <p>Hot and humid environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do fertilizers and manures provide to the soil?

    <p>Nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plants require nitrogen?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plants typically obtain nitrogen?

    <p>Via symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium bacteria and legumes?

    <p>Plants provide food while bacteria provide nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fungi play in the symbiotic relationships with trees?

    <p>They provide nutrients to the trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lichens consist of?

    <p>A fungus and a chlorophyll-containing partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using manure in soil?

    <p>It adds organic matter and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can some fungi be beneficial despite some causing diseases?

    <p>They can be used in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cells

    • Cells are the tiny units that make up the bodies of living organisms.
    • Cells can be seen only under a microscope.
    • Some organisms are made of only one cell.
    • A cell has a thin outer boundary called the cell membrane.
    • Most cells have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the nucleus.
    • The nucleus is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm.

    Structure of a Leaf

    • The tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves are surrounded by 'guard cells'.
    • These pores are called stomata.

    Photosynthesis

    • Chlorophyll, a green pigment, helps leaves capture the energy of sunlight.
    • This energy is used to synthesise food from carbon dioxide and water.
    • Photosynthesis occurs in the presence of sunlight.
    • Chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are necessary for photosynthesis.
    • Sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.
    • Without photosynthesis, there would be no food, and survival of almost all living organisms would be impossible.

    Colours of Leaves

    • Leaves of colours other than green also have chlorophyll.
    • Red, brown, and other pigments mask the green colour.
    • Photosynthesis takes place in these leaves as well.

    Algae

    • Algae are green in colour due to the presence of chlorophyll.
    • Algae can prepare their own food by photosynthesis.

    Synthesis of Plant Food

    • Carbohydrates are synthesised through photosynthesis.
    • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Nitrogen is essential for the synthesis of proteins and fats.
    • Plants obtain nitrogen from the air, but it needs to be converted into a usable form.
    • Soil bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into a soluble form, which is absorbed by plants.

    Heterotrophic Mode of Nutrition

    • Some plants do not have chlorophyll and cannot synthesise their own food.
    • These plants use the heterotrophic mode of nutrition, relying on other plants for food.

    Parasitic Plants

    • Parasitic plants grow on other plants and take valuable nutrients from them.
    • Examples include Cuscuta (Amarbel).

    Insectivorous Plants

    • Insectivorous plants eat insects to obtain nutrients.
    • Pitcher plants have a modified part that traps insects and digests them.
    • Insectivorous plants may receive some nutrients from the soil, but also obtain nutrients by eating insects.

    Photosynthesis in Plants

    • Photosynthesis occurs in leaves, green stems, and green branches.
    • Desert plants have adapted to reduce water loss by transpiration.

    How Photosynthesis Works

    • Light energy is absorbed by plants.
    • Carbon dioxide and water are absorbed by plants.
    • Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
    • A chemical reaction converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
    • Glucose is used by plants for energy and growth.
    • Oxygen is released into the atmosphere.

    Photosynthesis Equation

    • Carbon dioxide + water → Carbohydrate + oxygen

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    Description

    Learn about the structure and components of cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

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