Cell Ultrastructure Quiz

A basic unit of life that starts as stem cells and divides to grow.

The cellular anatomy revealed by an electron microscope.

Microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen.

Cell membrane structure made of phosphate heads (water-loving) and lipid tails (water-hating).

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA responsible for growth and reproduction.

1. TEM: transmission - passes electrons through a specimen for black and white images; 2. SEM: scanning - passes electrons across for 3D shapes.

Allows RNA to pass but restricts DNA due to size differences.

Jellylike fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended, known as cytosol when without organelles.

Site of cellular respiration producing energy, containing its own loop of DNA.

Tiny structures making proteins without a membrane enclosing them.

Organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs, containing its own loop of DNA.

Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane that provides support to the cell.

Structure that controls which substances enter or leave, providing support and retaining contents.

Contains a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole.

Does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts and contains a small vacuole.

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole; animal cells do not have these features.

The fluid part of the cytoplasm without organelles.

A small structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced.

The process wherein cells increase in size and number through division.

The process where a cell splits to form two daughter cells.

The process in chloroplasts where sunlight is converted into chemical energy.

The process that converts glucose into energy in mitochondria.

Simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Complex cells with a nucleus and organelles, including animal and plant cells.

A storage organelle in cells; large in plant cells and small in animal cells.

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Strands of DNA in the nucleus that condense to form chromosomes during cell division.