20 Questions
What is the form of DNA when the cell is not replicating?
Chromatin
What are sister chromatids?
Two strands of a replicated chromosome
What is the function of the kinetochore?
Control assembly and disassembly of the spindle fibre microtubules
What is the repeating sequence at the ends of the chromosome called?
Telomere
Which structures replicate to ensure that each new daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes?
Chromosomes
Where are cohesin protein complexes particularly concentrated during the duplication of chromosomes?
At the centromere
During which phase does chromatin cease to function as accessible genetic material?
Prophase
What is the form that DNA adapts to in order to become easily transportable?
Chromosomes
What does euchromatin signify?
Genes are expressible
What is the structure that controls the movement of chromosomes during cell division?
Kinetochore
During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell actively dividing?
M phase
What is the main function of the kinetochore during cell division?
To anchor the chromosomes to the spindle fibers
Which structure is responsible for controlling the entry of a cell into the S phase of the cell cycle?
Checkpoints in the cell cycle
What is the role of telomeres in the cell cycle?
To maintain chromosome stability and prevent degradation
Which phase of mitotic division involves the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase
What event marks the end of cytokinesis?
Formation of the cleavage furrow
What triggers a cell to enter the M phase from the G2 phase?
Degradation of cyclin proteins
What is the primary function of centrosomes during mitotic division?
To organize and separate the spindle fibers
Which phase of interphase involves DNA replication?
S phase
What is the significance of G1 phase in interphase?
To prepare for DNA replication in S phase
Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- When the cell is not replicating, DNA is in its chromatin form.
- Euchromatin signifies active gene expression and is lightly packed chromatin.
Chromosome Duplication
- Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at the centromere.
- Cohesin protein complexes are particularly concentrated at the centromere during chromosome duplication.
- The centromere is the region where sister chromatids are joined together.
Cell Cycle
- During the G2 phase, chromatin ceases to function as accessible genetic material.
- The S phase is the stage of interphase where DNA replication occurs.
- The G1 phase is significant in interphase as it allows cells to grow and prepare for DNA replication.
- The cell cycle is the process of cell growth, replication, and division.
Cell Division
- The structure that controls the movement of chromosomes during cell division is the spindle apparatus.
- The kinetochore is the protein structure that attaches to the spindle fibers and controls the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
- The primary function of centrosomes during mitotic division is to organize the spindle fibers.
- The main function of the kinetochore during cell division is to attach to the spindle fibers and control the movement of chromosomes.
Mitosis
- The phase of mitotic division that involves the separation of sister chromatids is anaphase.
- The event that marks the end of cytokinesis is the separation of the daughter cells.
Regulation of Cell Cycle
- The structure responsible for controlling the entry of a cell into the S phase of the cell cycle is the retinoblastoma protein (Rb).
- What triggers a cell to enter the M phase from the G2 phase is the activation of the Cdk1-cyclin B complex.
Telomeres
- Telomeres are the repeating sequences at the ends of chromosomes, responsible for protecting the chromosome from degradation.
- The role of telomeres in the cell cycle is to maintain the integrity of chromosomes during DNA replication.
Test your knowledge on cell division and the cell cycle with this quiz covering topics such as chromatin fibers, chromosomes, centromere, kinetochore, telomere, karyotype, karyokinesis, and cytokinesis in mitosis. This quiz is part of the Foundation Year FUNBIO course - Introduction to Human Biology at Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain.
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