Cell Ultrastructure: The Nucleus
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Questions and Answers

Which structure encloses the nucleus in a double-layered structure?

  • Nucleoplasm
  • Nucleolus
  • Nuclear envelope (correct)
  • Chromatin

    • What is the composition of the nuclear membrane?

  • Single-layered phospholipids
  • Proteins and carbohydrates
  • Chromatin fibers
  • Double-layered phospholipids (correct)

    • What is the primary role of the nucleolus?

  • Cell division
  • DNA replication
  • Ribosomal production (correct)
  • Protein synthesis

    • What is the karyoplasm also known as?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized cells lack a nucleus?

    <p>Mammalian red blood cells - platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found within the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell cytoplasm contains the nucleus?

    <p>Cytoplasmic matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the nucleus in terms of its number per cell?

    <p>One nucleus per cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the compartmentalization of the nucleus by the nuclear envelope facilitate?

    <p>Isolation of genetic material from cellular processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the final assembly of the two ribosomal subunits take place?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is transcribed separately in the nucleoplasm?

    <p>5S rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement known as for ribosomes?

    <p>S</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA carries the information from DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subunit of the ribosome takes about one hour to assemble?

    <p>60S subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transferring the information stored in a gene's DNA to a similar molecule called RNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of mRNA production?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breaks down to form the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits?

    <p>80S pre-ribosomal particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of RNA that carries the information for making a protein?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

    <p>Provides support and shapes the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of chromatin?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains instructions to make ribosomal RNA?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cell process do chromatin fibers condense and form visible chromosomes?

    <p>Nuclear division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?

    <p>Allows transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromatin is relatively dispersed and DNA transcribed?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of equal parts ribosomal RNA and proteins, and is closely connected with protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trisomy and Monosomy are conditions resulting in what?

    <p><strong>Abnormal number of chromosomes</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nucleus provides support and shapes the nuclear envelope, as well as aids in the positioning of nuclear pores?

    <p>Nuclear Lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highly viscous liquid in the nucleus that contains nucleotides and enzymes, along with a network of fibers called nuclear matrix?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the threads and fibers in the nucleoplasm when the cell is not dividing, coming in two types: euchromatin and heterochromatin?

    <p>Chromatin Packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur, involving the transcription of chromosomal DNA to form ribosomal RNA?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cell process do chromatin fibers condense and form visible chromosomes, and the nucleolus disappears and reappears post-division?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breaks down to form the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits?

    <p>80S pre-ribosomal particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the site of mRNA production?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is transcribed separately in the nucleoplasm?

    <p>5S rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of equal parts ribosomal RNA and proteins, and is closely connected with protein synthesis?

    <p>80S pre-ribosomal particle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins made out that form a complex with ribosomes?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found within the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Nuclear pore complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subunit of the ribosome takes about one hour to assemble?

    <p>60S subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cell process do chromatin fibers condense and form visible chromosomes?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

    <p>Provides structural support to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of RNA that carries the information for making a protein?

    <p>Messenger RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the number, size, and morphology of chromosomes in an individual or species?

    <p>Karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of mRNA production?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trisomy and Monosomy are conditions related to?

    <p>Chromosomal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found within the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Nuclear pores and nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the perinuclear space found in the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Isolation of nuclear material from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the final assembly of the two ribosomal subunits take place?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nucleolus?

    <p>Ribosomal assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cell process do chromatin fibers condense and form visible chromosomes?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the nucleus in terms of its number per cell?

    <p>Always one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is 5S rRNA transcribed separately?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement known as for ribosomes?

    <p>Sedimentation unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Trisomy' and 'Monosomy' are conditions related to?

    <p>Chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Transcription' is best defined as?

    <p>'Copying' process of DNA information to RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '80S pre-ribosomal particle' breaks down to which subunits?

    <p>'40S and 60S'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Perinuclear space' found in the nuclear envelope serves what function?

    <p>'Transport materials' in and out of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleolus in the nucleus?

    <p>Producing ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure encloses the nucleus in a double-layered structure?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number, size, and morphology of chromosomes in an individual or species?

    <p>Karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur, involving the transcription of chromosomal DNA to form ribosomal RNA?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of messenger RNA (mRNA) production within the nucleus?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cell process do chromatin fibers condense and form visible chromosomes?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trisomy and Monosomy are conditions resulting in what?

    <p><strong>Trisomy</strong> involves extra chromosomes while <strong>Monosomy</strong> involves missing chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleolus?

    <p>Contains instructions to make ribosomal RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ribosomal RNA production occur?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trisomy and Monosomy are conditions resulting in what?

    <p>Abnormal number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nuclear lamina?

    <p>Supporting and shaping the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trisomy and Monosomy are conditions related to?

    <p>Abnormal number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized cells lack a nucleus?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Nuclear Envelope: Outer membrane continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum, inner membrane anchored to nuclear lamina.

    • Nuclear Lamina: Protein filament meshwork adjacent to inner membrane, provides support and shapes nuclear envelope, aids in positioning of nuclear pores.

    • Nuclear Pore: Thousands present, octagonal structure with a ring-like arrangement called a pore complex, allows transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope.

    • Nucleoplasm: Highly viscous liquid in nucleus, contains nucleotides and enzymes, network of fibers called nuclear matrix present.

    • Chromatin: Threads and fibers in nucleoplasm when cell not dividing, comes in two types: euchromatin (relatively dispersed, DNA transcribed) and heterochromatin (condensed, DNA not transcribed).

    • Nucleosome: Basic unit of chromatin, DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone.

    • Chromatin Packing: Chromatin undergoes several levels of coiling to form a chromosome.

    • Nuclear Matrix: Fiber network in nucleoplasm, similar to cell cytoskeleton.

    • Chromosomes: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes visible during cell division.

    • Nucleolus: Dense basophilic material in nucleoplasm, not enclosed by a membrane, contains instructions to make ribosomal RNA.

    • Ribosomes: Consist of equal parts ribosomal RNA and proteins, closely connected with protein synthesis.

    • Chromosome Complement: Describes number, size, and morphology of chromosomes in an individual or species.

    • Karyotype: Describes chromosome complement in terms of number, size, and morphology.

    • Nuclear Division: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes during cell division, nucleolus disappears and reappears post-division.

    • Trisomy and Monosomy: Conditions resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes.

    • Chromosome Numbers: Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.

    • Ribosomal RNA Production: In the nucleolus, chromosomal DNA transcribes ribosomal RNA, which then associates with proteins to form ribosomal particles.

    • Nuclear Envelope: Outer membrane continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum, inner membrane anchored to nuclear lamina.

    • Nuclear Lamina: Protein filament meshwork adjacent to inner membrane, provides support and shapes nuclear envelope, aids in positioning of nuclear pores.

    • Nuclear Pore: Thousands present, octagonal structure with a ring-like arrangement called a pore complex, allows transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope.

    • Nucleoplasm: Highly viscous liquid in nucleus, contains nucleotides and enzymes, network of fibers called nuclear matrix present.

    • Chromatin: Threads and fibers in nucleoplasm when cell not dividing, comes in two types: euchromatin (relatively dispersed, DNA transcribed) and heterochromatin (condensed, DNA not transcribed).

    • Nucleosome: Basic unit of chromatin, DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone.

    • Chromatin Packing: Chromatin undergoes several levels of coiling to form a chromosome.

    • Nuclear Matrix: Fiber network in nucleoplasm, similar to cell cytoskeleton.

    • Chromosomes: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes visible during cell division.

    • Nucleolus: Dense basophilic material in nucleoplasm, not enclosed by a membrane, contains instructions to make ribosomal RNA.

    • Ribosomes: Consist of equal parts ribosomal RNA and proteins, closely connected with protein synthesis.

    • Chromosome Complement: Describes number, size, and morphology of chromosomes in an individual or species.

    • Karyotype: Describes chromosome complement in terms of number, size, and morphology.

    • Nuclear Division: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes during cell division, nucleolus disappears and reappears post-division.

    • Trisomy and Monosomy: Conditions resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes.

    • Chromosome Numbers: Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.

    • Ribosomal RNA Production: In the nucleolus, chromosomal DNA transcribes ribosomal RNA, which then associates with proteins to form ribosomal particles.

    • Nuclear Envelope: Outer membrane continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum, inner membrane anchored to nuclear lamina.

    • Nuclear Lamina: Protein filament meshwork adjacent to inner membrane, provides support and shapes nuclear envelope, aids in positioning of nuclear pores.

    • Nuclear Pore: Thousands present, octagonal structure with a ring-like arrangement called a pore complex, allows transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope.

    • Nucleoplasm: Highly viscous liquid in nucleus, contains nucleotides and enzymes, network of fibers called nuclear matrix present.

    • Chromatin: Threads and fibers in nucleoplasm when cell not dividing, comes in two types: euchromatin (relatively dispersed, DNA transcribed) and heterochromatin (condensed, DNA not transcribed).

    • Nucleosome: Basic unit of chromatin, DNA coiled around a protein unit called a histone.

    • Chromatin Packing: Chromatin undergoes several levels of coiling to form a chromosome.

    • Nuclear Matrix: Fiber network in nucleoplasm, similar to cell cytoskeleton.

    • Chromosomes: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes visible during cell division.

    • Nucleolus: Dense basophilic material in nucleoplasm, not enclosed by a membrane, contains instructions to make ribosomal RNA.

    • Ribosomes: Consist of equal parts ribosomal RNA and proteins, closely connected with protein synthesis.

    • Chromosome Complement: Describes number, size, and morphology of chromosomes in an individual or species.

    • Karyotype: Describes chromosome complement in terms of number, size, and morphology.

    • Nuclear Division: Chromatin fibers condense and form chromosomes during cell division, nucleolus disappears and reappears post-division.

    • Trisomy and Monosomy: Conditions resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes.

    • Chromosome Numbers: Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes.

    • Ribosomal RNA Production: In the nucleolus, chromosomal DNA transcribes ribosomal RNA, which then associates with proteins to form ribosomal particles.

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    FUNBIO-6.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell ultrastructure with a focus on the nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, pores, karyoplasm, euchromatic and heterochromatic nuclei, and characteristic number of chromosomes. This quiz also covers the structure and function of the nucleolus.

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