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Questions and Answers
Name the two groups of cells.
Name the two groups of cells.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What are prokaryotic cells?
What are prokaryotic cells?
Smaller cells without a nucleus, with genetic material in a single DNA loop.
Give an example of a prokaryote.
Give an example of a prokaryote.
Bacteria
What defines eukaryotic cells?
What defines eukaryotic cells?
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What is the function of ribosomes?
What is the function of ribosomes?
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What is the site of aerobic respiration in a cell?
What is the site of aerobic respiration in a cell?
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What controls cell activity and contains genetic material?
What controls cell activity and contains genetic material?
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What is the role of the cell membrane?
What is the role of the cell membrane?
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What maintains the rigidity of plant cells?
What maintains the rigidity of plant cells?
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What is the difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll?
What is the difference between chloroplasts and chlorophyll?
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What does it mean for cells to differentiate?
What does it mean for cells to differentiate?
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Name one specialized cell in animals and its function.
Name one specialized cell in animals and its function.
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Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?
Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?
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What is the function of the acrosome in sperm cells?
What is the function of the acrosome in sperm cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Types
- Two groups of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and contain a single DNA loop.
- Prokaryotic cells may contain small circular DNA called plasmids.
- Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
- Typical structures include:
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material
- Plasmids
- Slime capsule (not always present)
- Flagella (not always present)
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
- Eukaryotic cells are more complex and have a nucleus.
- Eukaryotic cells may have a cell wall.
- Examples of eukaryotic cells include animals, plants, fungi, and protists.
- Typical structures include:
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Plant Cell Structure
- Plant cells have additional structures:
- Cell wall - made of cellulose for strength
- Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
- Vacuole - contains cell sap and helps keep the cell rigid
Organelle Function
- Ribosome: Protein synthesis
- Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration (release of energy)
- Nucleus: Controls cell activity and contains genetic material
- Cell membrane: Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
- Cytoplasm: Liquid gel where most of cell reactions happen (e.g.anaerobic respiration)
Specialised Cells
- During development, cells differentiate to form specialised cells with specific functions.
-
Nerve cells:
- Long axon for carrying electrical impulses
- Special endings to release chemicals for communication
- Many mitochondria for respiration
-
Muscle cells:
- Many mitochondria for respiration
- Glycogen stores for energy
-
Sperm cells:
- Tail for swimming
- Mid-section with many mitochondria for respiration
- Acrosome (head) with enzymes to break down egg cells
Cell Differences
- Chloroplast and chlorophyll are distinct.
- Chloroplast is the organelle, while chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs sunlight.
- Algae also have cell walls made of cellulose.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their structures and functions. It also focuses on the specific characteristics of plant cells, highlighting their unique components. Test your knowledge on cell biology and the diversity of cellular structures.
