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Questions and Answers
What classification of signalling molecules is based on their solubility?
What classification of signalling molecules is based on their solubility?
- Gas molecules
- Chemical molecules (correct)
- Biological molecules
- Electrical molecules
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify signalling molecules?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to classify signalling molecules?
- Solubility
- Size
- Charge
- Origin (correct)
Which property primarily influences the classification of signalling molecules?
Which property primarily influences the classification of signalling molecules?
- pH levels
- Temperature stability
- Solubility (correct)
- Molecular weight
What would be an example of a signalling molecule classified based on solubility?
What would be an example of a signalling molecule classified based on solubility?
In the context of signalling molecules, what aspect does solubility primarily affect?
In the context of signalling molecules, what aspect does solubility primarily affect?
What is the primary mechanism through which one nerve cell communicates with another?
What is the primary mechanism through which one nerve cell communicates with another?
Which type of signalling is characterized by a cell responding to molecules it has produced itself?
Which type of signalling is characterized by a cell responding to molecules it has produced itself?
In which situation would paracrine signalling primarily occur?
In which situation would paracrine signalling primarily occur?
Which of the following best differentiates autocrine signalling from paracrine signalling?
Which of the following best differentiates autocrine signalling from paracrine signalling?
What role do neurotransmitters play in nerve cell communication?
What role do neurotransmitters play in nerve cell communication?
Quo significa 'neurotransmittores' in le contexto del communication neural?
Quo significa 'neurotransmittores' in le contexto del communication neural?
Qual fase del communication neural involve le diffusion de neurotransmittores?
Qual fase del communication neural involve le diffusion de neurotransmittores?
Qual es le effecto immediate del impulsos nerveux in relation al neurotransmittores?
Qual es le effecto immediate del impulsos nerveux in relation al neurotransmittores?
In le communication nerveuse, a quale structura le neurotransmittores puede esser transferite?
In le communication nerveuse, a quale structura le neurotransmittores puede esser transferite?
Qual es le consequence del deficit de neurotransmittores in le communication nerveuse?
Qual es le consequence del deficit de neurotransmittores in le communication nerveuse?
Qual es le significato de PIP2 in relation a phosphatidylinositol?
Qual es le significato de PIP2 in relation a phosphatidylinositol?
Qual es le compositores principal de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate?
Qual es le compositores principal de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate?
In qual typologia de signalling cellulaire PIP2 ha un rol crucial?
In qual typologia de signalling cellulaire PIP2 ha un rol crucial?
Qual es le functione principal de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate in le cellula?
Qual es le functione principal de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate in le cellula?
Qual es le structurale composition de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate?
Qual es le structurale composition de phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate?
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Study Notes
Cell to Cell Communication
- Communication between nerve cells can be achieved using paracrine signalling.
- Autocrine signalling involves a cell responding to a molecule it has produced.
- Signalling molecules can be categorized based on their solubility (lipophilic vs. hydrophilic).
- Lipid derivatives (e.g. steroids and eicosanoids) are lipophilic molecules that act as signalling molecules.
- Based on receptor interactions, signalling molecules can bind to intracellular receptors (inside the cytosol) or surface receptors.
- Epinephrine utilizes G protein-linked receptors for its signalling activity.
- Cell-surface receptors are involved in neurotransmitter signalling. Examples include glutamate and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
Neurotransmitters
- Chemical substances released at the end of a nerve fibre by the arrival of a nerve impulse.
- Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse or junction and effect the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fibre, a muscle fibre, or some other structure.
- Small molecule neurotransmitters include:
- Glutamate: an amino acid
- GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid): an amino acid, not found in proteins
- Glycine: an amino acid
- Purinergic neurotransmitters include:
- ATP: a nucleotide
- Adenosine: a nucleoside
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