Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What is unique about the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the nucleus in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
###细胞理论
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms
- All living organisms are composed of cells, either single-celled (unicellular) or multi-celled (multicellular)
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) lack a true nucleus and have their genetic material in the cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, and protists) have a true nucleus that contains genetic material
- Both types of cells have genetic material, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have them
Cell Membrane and Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane) is semi-permeable, regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that contains organelles and supports cellular activities
- Cytoplasm is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Organelles in the cytoplasm include ribosomes, which produce proteins
Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- They synthesize proteins based on genetic information from DNA
- Ribosomes may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
- Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities
- Nucleus has a nuclear envelope and nucleolus, where ribosomes are synthesized
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs
- ER has two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes)
- Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Smooth ER is involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
- Golgi apparatus is a complex of flattened sacs and tubules
- It receives vesicles from the ER and modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Golgi apparatus determines the destination of proteins and lipids
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria are organelles found in both plant and animal cells
- They generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Mitochondria use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP
Other Organelles
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes
- Peroxisomes are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids
- Plant cells have a central vacuole that stores materials and helps maintain cell shape
- Animal cells have multiple small vacuoles for storage and other functions
- Plant cells have a cell wall that provides additional protection and shape maintenance
Cell Theory
- Living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells, and all living organisms are either single-celled (unicellular) or multi-celled (multicellular)
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and have genetic material in the cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus containing genetic material
- Both cell types have genetic material, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance containing organelles and supporting cellular activities
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have them
Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- They synthesize proteins based on genetic information from DNA
- Ribosomes may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
- Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities
- Nucleolus is the site of ribosome synthesis
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs
- ER has two types: rough ER (with ribosomes) for protein synthesis and transport, and smooth ER (without ribosomes) for detoxification and lipid synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
- Golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the ER and modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- It determines the destination of proteins and lipids
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- They use glucose and oxygen to produce ATP
Other Organelles
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for cellular digestion
- Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and amino acids
- Plant cells have a central vacuole for storage and maintaining cell shape
- Animal cells have multiple small vacuoles for storage and other functions
- Plant cells have a cell wall providing additional protection and shape maintenance
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of cell theory, including the structure and function of cells, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.