Cell Types Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How do you know if something is alive? Describe some of the characteristics of living things.

You can know by the order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution.

What do humans, plants and mushrooms have in common?

They all grow, they're all living.

What do you see after focusing the microscope sample?

I see hexagonal cells with a green cellular wall.

What do you see when you select the 400x magnification?

<p>I see that the cell wall is made up of small green spheres called chloroplasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the description with the microscope part on the diagram.

<p>B = Coarse focus A = Fine focus C = Stage D = Light source E = Objective lens F = Arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which focus knob is easier to use at 40x? 400x?

<p>Coarse focus and fine focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures can you see in human skin cells?

<p>Nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the scale bar, about how wide is a human skin cell?

<p>30 micrometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the organelles and approximate size of the cells in each sample.

<p>Mouse skin: Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, 20μm; Fly muscle: Nucleus, Striation, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, 20μm; Maple leaf: Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Chloroplast, Vacuole, 10μm; Elodea: Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, 40μm; Fungus: Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Vacuole, Septum, 8μm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all of these samples have in common?

<p>The nucleus and the cell membrane, as well as cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of E. coli?

<p>10μm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelles are present in E. coli?

<p>Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, flagellum, pilus and nucleoid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is missing from E. coli?

<p>Nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does sand/silt have any internal structures?

<p>Yes, sand/silt have internal structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do you think sand or silt is alive? Explain.

<p>No, sand is not alive because it can't die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collect data: Use the microscope to observe the samples listed in the table below. For each sample, estimate the cell size and check off the organelles that are present.

<p>Human neuron = Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes Human skin = Yes, Yes, Yes, No Human muscle = Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes Human blood = Yes, Yes, Yes, No</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus?

<p>The nucleus contains the cell's DNA. The nucleus controls the cell by regulating when genes are turned on and off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

<p>Gel-like substance that is composed mostly of water and contains all of the cell's organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

<p>A lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell, regulating what goes in and out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axon?

<p>Neurons transmit messages in the form of electrical and chemical signals, through axons and dendrites, from one part of the body to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a dendrite?

<p>Dendrites convert these signals into small electric impulses and transmit them inward, in the direction of the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do muscle cells have that other cell types do not?

<p>They have multiple nuclei within each cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a striation and how does it help muscle cells function?

<p>The primary function of striated muscles is to generate force and contract in order to support respiration, locomotion, and posture and to pump blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of red blood cells?

<p>It carries oxygen from the lungs to different parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of white blood cells?

<p>They protect you against illness and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is missing from the red blood cells?

<p>Nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In general, are there any major differences that you can see? Explain.

<p>The blood is different in humans and frogs as human red blood cells don't have a nucleus while that of frogs have a nucleus in the red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle do frog RBCs have that human RBCs do not?

<p>Main difference in human and frog RBC is human RBC are non-nucleated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how skin cells, neurons, muscle cells, and blood cells relate to the functions of skin, nerve, muscle, and blood tissue.

<p>Multicellular organisms, like people, are made up of many cells. Cells are considered the fundamental units of life. The cells in complex multicellular organisms like people are organized into tissues, groups of similar cells that work together on a specific task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures do all of these cells have in common?

<p>Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are missing from the root hair cells?

<p>Chloroplast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the chloroplast missing from the root hair cell?

<p>This structure is missing from the root hair cells because the sunlight doesn't reach them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the algae cells different from the other cells?

<p>They are isolated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which other samples in the Gizmo do you think represent unicellular organisms?

<p>Bacteria, fungi, algae, protists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures allow each protist to move?

<p>Amoeba: Pseudopodium; Euglena: Flagellum; Paramecium: Cilium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the photosynthetic protist and how do you know?

<p>Euglena because it is the only one with a chloroplast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find two structures that help E. coli move and describe them.

<p>Pilus: it has small hairs surrounding it helping it attach to other cells; Flagellum: it has a tail that allows the cell to swim/move around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do protists (Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium) use similar structures to move? Explain.

<p>Yes, they all use either the pilus or flagellum to move around and attach to other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you click Play?

<p>The ATP positive control and sample started glowing green and the Phenol red positive control and sample turned orange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does the worm neuron sample produce ATP?

<p>It does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you know that the worm neuron sample produces ATP?

<p>Because the positive control for ATP started to glow which means it has ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the phenol red?

<p>It turned orange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When CO2 combines with water it forms carbonic acid. How does this explain the phenol red result?

<p>There is CO2 in the neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the test results, are the worm neurons alive?

<p>Yes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When observing the phenol red, what happens?

<p>Only the positive control turns orange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you run the experiment in the dark?

<p>The ATP positive control and sample started glowing green and the Phenol red positive control and sample turned orange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the test results, are maple leaves alive?

<p>Yes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collect data: Using the table below, select the sample on the LANDSCAPE tab. Perform the experiment in the light.

<p>The results show respiration occurs in light and dark for all samples, except for sand and silt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the samples in the table are alive?

<p>All excluding sand and silt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you know the samples are alive?

<p>They respire and produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which samples from the table are likely to undergo photosynthesis?

<p>Maple leaf and protists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you know which samples undergo photosynthesis?

<p>They do not respire in the presence of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is silt alive?

<p>No.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you know silt is not alive?

<p>Does not respire or produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characteristics of Living Things

  • Defined by order, sensitivity to the environment, reproduction, adaptation, growth, development, homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution.
  • Organisms like humans, plants, and mushrooms exhibit these characteristics, confirming they are alive.

Microscopy Observations

  • Coarse and fine focus adjustments used to view hexagonal cells with green walls and chloroplasts.
  • Structures visible in human skin cells include the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
  • Human skin cells estimated width is about 30 micrometers using a scale bar of 20 micrometers.

Cell Organelles and Types

  • Common organelles across samples: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm.
  • E. coli lacks a nucleus but has a cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, flagellum, pilus, and nucleoid.
  • Notable differences in red blood cells between humans (non-nucleated) and frogs (nucleated).

Functions of Cell Structures

  • Nucleus: Contains DNA and regulates gene expression.
  • Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance housing organelles, predominantly composed of water.
  • Cell Membrane: Lipid bilayer providing protection and regulating substances entering/leaving the cell.

Neural and Muscle Cell Functions

  • Neurons transmit signals through axons and dendrites; dendrites convert signals into impulses toward the cell body.
  • Muscle cells contain multiple nuclei and exhibit striations for force generation and contraction.

Blood Cell Functions

  • Red blood cells transport oxygen; white blood cells protect against disease.
  • Structures in red blood cells differentiate significantly between species.

Tissue Organization

  • Cells group into tissues with specific functions; skin cells, neurons, muscle cells, and blood cells contribute to their respective tissues.

Protists and Movement

  • Protists like amoeba (pseudopodium), euglena (flagellum), and paramecium (cilia) use distinct structures for movement.
  • Euglena is photosynthetic, identifiable by its chloroplasts.

Experiment Observations and Results

  • ATP positive controls glow green, indicating ATP presence; phenol red turning orange implies CO2 presence from metabolism.
  • Samples including E. coli, fungi, human skin, maple leaves, root hair, and protists confirmed alive based on respiration and ATP production.

Photosynthesis

  • Identified potential photosynthetic organisms among tested samples: maple leaves and protists due to respiration absence in light.
  • Sand/silt confirmed as non-living due to lack of respiration and ATP production.

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Explore the essential characteristics of living organisms with these flashcards. Understand how to identify living things, from humans to plants and fungi, by examining their common traits and behaviors. Perfect for anyone studying biology or life sciences.

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