Lecture 17
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Questions and Answers

What type of receptor directly phosphorylates and activates a member of the Smad class of TFs?

  • Receptors for TGF-beta family of signaling proteins (correct)
  • Receptors for Wnt proteins
  • Receptors for notch family of receptors
  • GPCRs

Which signaling pathway involves the release of its cytosolic domain into the nucleus to regulate gene expression?

  • Pathway A: GPCRs
  • Pathway B: TGF-beta family of signaling proteins
  • Pathway C: notch family of receptors (correct)
  • Pathway D: Wnt, hedgehog, IL

What is the key signaling molecule in the canonical Wnt pathway?

  • Smad
  • G protein
  • TF TCF
  • Beta-catenin (correct)

What regulates the stability of beta-catenin in the canonical Wnt pathway?

<p>CK1 and GSK3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What induces phosphorylation of LRP cytosolic domain in the canonical Wnt pathway?

<p>Binding of Wnt to receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to beta-catenin in the absence of Wnt signal in the canonical Wnt pathway?

<p>It is degraded in proteasomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can provide identity to cells and tissues in a highly specific manner?

<p>TFs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can influence the expression of downstream TFs?

<p>Differential binding of TFs to enhancer and suppressor regulatory elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the proper patterning, growth, and overall development of tissues and organs?

<p>Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates the expression of a reporter gene in limb buds of developing mouse embryos?

<p>Human SALL1 enhancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to activation of TFs?

<p>Extracellular information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What binds to phosphorylated residues on beta-catenin leading to its ubiquitination and degradation?

<p>E3 (bTrCP) ubiquitin ligase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the UAS/GAL4 system in the context of gene expression?

<p>It allows overexpression of a gene in a temporally and spatially controlled manner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enhancer region in gene transcription?

<p>It stimulates strong specific transcription of the reporter gene in limb buds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Pax6 expression in a fly?

<p>Ectopic eyes form on legs and antennae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary conservation pattern of eye gene regulatory network (GRN) between mouse Pax6 and Drosophila ey?

<p>Evolutionarily conserved expression pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the conserved region containing an enhancer in the context of gene expression?

<p>It stimulates strong specific transcription of the reporter gene in limb buds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Pax6 gene in the development of various tissues?

<p>Directs gene expression differentially in pancreas, lens, and cornea of the eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of GAL4 driven ectopic expression of ey in various tissues?

<p>Formation of eye structures in various tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orthologs of developmental genes like SALL1 in appendage development?

<p>Important for appendage development from insects to humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the TFs in the context of gene expression in developing brain cells?

<p>Bind to brain enhancer, stabilize RNA pol 2 at the promoter, and modify the nucleosome in the region of the promoter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the expression of mouse Pax6 in a fly?

<p>Ectopic eyes out of legs and antennae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the double negative logic circuit in gene expression?

<p>A single gene encodes a repressor of an entire battery of genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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