Cell Structures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

To transport nutrients

To produce sex cells (correct)

To repair tissues

To produce body cells

The haploid number of chromosomes is found in somatic (body) cells.

False

What are the two types of chromosomes based on chromosome number in a gamete?

Haploid and diploid

Meiosis results in the production of _ cells.

gamete Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to meiosis with their descriptions:

Haploid (n) = Number of chromosomes in a gamete Diploid (2n) = Number of chromosomes in a somatic cell Meiosis = Division to produce sex cells Chromosome deletion = Loss of a segment of DNA Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

Crossing over can lead to genetic variation.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of cytokinesis during meiosis?

The production of haploid daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

During __________, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of meiosis with their descriptions:

Prophase I = Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes Metaphase II = Chromosomes align along the equatorial plates Anaphase II = Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles Telophase I = The nuclear envelope reforms and the cell divides Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with people assigned female at birth and causes short stature?

Turner syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Define reduction division in the context of meiosis.

The process that reduces the chromosome number by half during the first meiotic division. Signup and view all the answers

Contact inhibition encourages cells to divide when they contact each other.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

Formation of gametes Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis results in four diploid daughter cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during INTERPHASE in meiosis?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis I involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes, forming structures called __________.

tetrads Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is NOT part of meiosis?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

The gametes produced by meiosis are ________.

haploid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of meiosis with their corresponding descriptions:

Prophase I = Homologous chromosomes pair up Metaphase II = Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator Anaphase I = Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart Telophase II = Formation of four haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis and meiosis are fundamentally the same process.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure Comparison

Bacteria Cells lack a true nucleus, while animal and plant cells contain a nucleus.
Cell Membrane is present in all three types of cells (bacteria, animal, and plant).
Ribosomes are found in bacteria, animal, and plant cells for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Body, and Centrioles are absent in bacteria but present in animal cells; centrioles are not found in plant cells.
Cell Wall is present in bacteria and plant cells, but absent in animal cells.
Mitochondria are present in animal and plant cells, supporting energy production; absent in bacteria.
Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells, allowing photosynthesis; absent in bacteria and animal cells.
Vacuoles are present in plant cells for storage and maintenance of shape, absent in bacteria and animal cells.
Cytoskeleton is present in all three cell types, providing structural support.
Cytoplasm is the matrix containing organelles in all cell types.

Cell Division Processes

Mitosis provides cell division for growth and repair, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Meiosis entails a single cell dividing twice, yielding four haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells).
Mitosis Stages (PMAT):
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes; nuclear membrane breaks down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell center, each attached to spindle fibers.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.
- Telophase: Chromosomes gather at poles, losing distinct shapes.
Meiosis I Stages:
- Interphase: DNA replication occurs; homologous chromosomes prepare to divide.
- Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes form tetrads and may exchange DNA (crossing over).
- Metaphase I: Tetrads align at cell equator.
- Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes pull to opposite poles.
- Telophase I: Two daughter cells form with haploid chromosome numbers.
Meiosis II Stages: Similar to mitosis; results in four genetically varied daughter cells.

Genetic Disorders Overview

Turner Syndrome: Affects people assigned female at birth; characterized by short stature and developmental issues.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Affects people assigned male at birth; often leads to fertility issues.

Types of Tissues

Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces, providing protection and acting as a barrier; found in skin and linings of organs.
Connective Tissue: Supports and binds other tissues; examples include bone, cartilage, and blood.
Muscle Tissue: Specialized for contraction and movement; types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
Nervous Tissue: Responsible for communication in the body, composed of neurons; found in the brain and spinal cord.
Transitional Epithelium: Specialized epithelial tissue in the urinary tract, able to stretch and contract based on urine volume.

Key Biological Concepts

Contact Inhibition: Prevents cells from dividing upon contact with each other.
Reduction Division: Occurs in meiosis, resulting in sex cells with haploid chromosome numbers.
Genetic Changes:
- Deletions involve loss of DNA segments, potentially caused by errors in cell division or external factors.
Chromosome Counts:
- Haploid Number (n) represents the chromosome count in gametes.
- Diploid Number (2n) represents chromosome count in somatic (body) cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the differences between bacterial, animal, and plant cells. This quiz covers key cellular components like the nucleus, ribosomes, and cell membranes. Understand how each cell type is structured and functions.