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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the bacterial cell wall?
What is the primary role of the bacterial cell wall?
- To facilitate nutrient absorption
- To provide strong, flexible support (correct)
- To assist in cell division
- To store genetic material
What are the two major components of a gram-positive cell wall?
What are the two major components of a gram-positive cell wall?
- Phospholipids and sterols
- Lipopolysaccharides and proteins
- Cellulose and chitin
- Peptidoglycan and teichoic acids (correct)
How do bacteria classify their cell walls?
How do bacteria classify their cell walls?
- By their ability to produce spores
- By their color under a microscope
- Based on the presence of peptidoglycan (correct)
- According to their metabolic pathways
Which type of bacteria lack a cell wall?
Which type of bacteria lack a cell wall?
Which additional components might be present in a gram-positive cell wall?
Which additional components might be present in a gram-positive cell wall?
What is one of the primary functions of Haemophilus influenzae as indicated in the provided content?
What is one of the primary functions of Haemophilus influenzae as indicated in the provided content?
What role does the capsule in the submucosa play regarding bacteria?
What role does the capsule in the submucosa play regarding bacteria?
Which of the following best describes Haemophilus influenzae's impact on the immune response?
Which of the following best describes Haemophilus influenzae's impact on the immune response?
In the context of cellular interactions, what is a characteristic behavior of Haemophilus influenzae?
In the context of cellular interactions, what is a characteristic behavior of Haemophilus influenzae?
What does the presence of PMNs indicate in the immune system?
What does the presence of PMNs indicate in the immune system?
Considering its interactions, what is a potential consequence of Haemophilus influenzae's ability to inhibit white blood cells?
Considering its interactions, what is a potential consequence of Haemophilus influenzae's ability to inhibit white blood cells?
What role does Haemophilus influenzae play in the context of disease?
What role does Haemophilus influenzae play in the context of disease?
What happens when bacteria enter the bloodstream?
What happens when bacteria enter the bloodstream?
How does the capsule enhance bacterial survival?
How does the capsule enhance bacterial survival?
What is a likely consequence of bacteria evading phagocytosis through the capsule?
What is a likely consequence of bacteria evading phagocytosis through the capsule?
What is the primary function of the movement described in the content?
What is the primary function of the movement described in the content?
Which component of the structure is described as a curved sheath?
Which component of the structure is described as a curved sheath?
What characterizes the filament of this movement structure?
What characterizes the filament of this movement structure?
Which part of the movement structure is not mentioned in the provided content?
Which part of the movement structure is not mentioned in the provided content?
How many main parts are outlined for the movement structure?
How many main parts are outlined for the movement structure?
What is the primary role of water in cell functions?
What is the primary role of water in cell functions?
What defines a chromosome in a cell?
What defines a chromosome in a cell?
Which statement about chromosomes is accurate?
Which statement about chromosomes is accurate?
Why is the solubility of materials in water important for cell functions?
Why is the solubility of materials in water important for cell functions?
What percentage of a cell's composition is typically made up of water?
What percentage of a cell's composition is typically made up of water?
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Study Notes
Cell Wall
- Provides strong, flexible support
- Prevents the cell wall from bursting or collapsing due to changes in osmotic pressure
- Used to classify bacteria
- Gram-positive cell wall
- Consists of two main parts: peptidoglycan and teichoic acids
- Includes additional carbohydrates and proteins, depending on the species
- Gram-negative cell wall
- Distinct from Gram-positive cell walls
- Contains an outer membrane outside the peptidoglycan layer
- Bacteria without cell walls
- Mycoplasma
- Unique group
Flagella
- Motility structure in some bacteria
- Composed of three sections:
- Filament: Long, thin, helical structure composed of proteins
- Hook: Curved sheath
- Basal body: Anchors the flagellum to the cell wall and cell membrane
- May be located at one or both poles, or all over the cell surface
Capsule
- External to the cell wall
- Can be used for identification
- Composed of polysaccharides
- Functions:
- Attachment
- Inhibits killing by white blood cells (WBCs)
- Helps bacteria evade phagocytosis
- Allows entry into bloodstream
Cytoplasm
- The cell's internal environment
- Contains 70-80% water
- Acts as a solvent for materials involved in all cell functions
Chromosome
- Single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule
- Contains all the genetic information required by a cell
- Key difference from eukaryotic cells
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