Cell Structures: Nucleus, Mitochondria, and More

• Cell structures in a cell are discussed.

Nucleus

• Serves as the control center of the cell.
• Contains the DNA that directs all cellular activities.
• Contains the genetic information necessary for reproduction and cell function.

Mitochondria

• Known as the "power plants" of the cell.
• Generate ATP.
• ATP is the main source of energy for cellular functions, acquired through cellular respiration.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Exists in two types: rough and smooth.

Rough ER

• Covered in ribosomes.
• Responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins.

Smooth ER

• Lacks ribosomes.
• Involved in the synthesis of lipids and the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Golgi Apparatus

• Modifies, classifies, and packages proteins and lipids for transport, either inside or outside the cell.

Lysosomes

• Contain digestive enzymes.
• Break down waste and unwanted molecules.
• Acts as the digestive system of the cell.

Ribosomes

• Responsible for protein synthesis.
• Assembles amino acids into proteins.
• Follows the instructions of the messenger RNA.

Centrosome

• Contains centrioles.
• Involved in the organization of microtubules.
• Aids in cell division and the formation of the mitotic spindle.

Vacuoles

• Smaller and less common in animal cells than in plant cells.
• Store nutrients, water, and waste products.

Plasma Membrane

• A lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.
• Regulates the exchange of substances with the environment.
• Protects the internal components of the cell.