Cell Biology: Nucleus and Mitochondria

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of nuclear pores?

Controlling the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm (correct)

Producing ribosomes

Maintaining the shape of the nucleus

Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Which part of the nucleus is responsible for ribosome production?

Chromatin

Nucleolus (correct)

Nuclear pores

Nuclear envelope

What is the shape of the nucleus generally depicted as?

Hexagonal

Cylindrical

Rectangular

Spherical or oval (correct)

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the nucleus?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi Complex?

Modify, sort, and package proteins for transport Signup and view all the answers

How many cisternae does the Golgi Complex typically consist of?

3-20 Signup and view all the answers

What are the flattened, membranous sacs in the Golgi Complex called?

Cisternae Signup and view all the answers

Which types of vesicles transport proteins from the Golgi Complex?

Secretory, membrane, and transport vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the Golgi Complex?

Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Generate ATP by aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are mitochondria most prevalent in?

Muscle, liver, and kidney cells Signup and view all the answers

When do mitochondria self-replicate?

During times of increased cellular demand or before cell division Signup and view all the answers

From whom do you inherit your mitochondrial DNA?

Only from your mother Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria play in the process of apoptosis?

They play an important role in apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

To contain powerful digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in the cell is characterized by having a low internal pH of 5?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of peroxisomes?

To detoxify several toxic substances Signup and view all the answers

Where are peroxisomes especially abundant?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is involved in destroying unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins?

Proteasomes Signup and view all the answers

How many flattened membranous sacs can the Golgi Complex consist of?

3-20 Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions performed by the Golgi Complex?

Modify, sort, and package proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are the flattened membranous sacs in the Golgi Complex called?

Cisternae Signup and view all the answers

How are proteins transported in the Golgi Complex?

Via various vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport?

Golgi Complex Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nucleus

Has a spherical or oval shape
Separated from cytoplasm by a double membrane called nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope has numerous openings called nuclear pores that control movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
Contains a spherical body called nucleolus that produces ribosomes

Mitochondria

Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell
Generate ATP through aerobic respiration
Prevalent in active cells such as muscles, liver, and kidneys
Can self-replicate during times of increased cellular demand or before cell division
Contain own DNA, inherited only from mother
Play an important role in apoptosis

Golgi Complex

Consists of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae
Modify, sort, and package proteins for transport to different destinations
Proteins are transported by various vesicles, secretory membrane, and transport

Lysosomes

Form from the Golgi complex
Contain powerful digestive enzymes
Have a low internal pH (5) due to H+-ATPase

Peroxisomes

Smaller than lysosomes
Detoxify several toxic substances

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Description

Learn about the structure and functions of the nucleus and mitochondria, two essential organelles in eukaryotic cells.