25 Questions
What is the primary function of nuclear pores?
Controlling the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Which part of the nucleus is responsible for ribosome production?
Nucleolus
What is the shape of the nucleus generally depicted as?
Spherical or oval
What is the role of the nuclear envelope?
Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the nucleus?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary function of the Golgi Complex?
Modify, sort, and package proteins for transport
How many cisternae does the Golgi Complex typically consist of?
3-20
What are the flattened, membranous sacs in the Golgi Complex called?
Cisternae
Which types of vesicles transport proteins from the Golgi Complex?
Secretory, membrane, and transport vesicles
Which statement accurately describes the Golgi Complex?
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Generate ATP by aerobic respiration
Which cells are mitochondria most prevalent in?
Muscle, liver, and kidney cells
When do mitochondria self-replicate?
During times of increased cellular demand or before cell division
From whom do you inherit your mitochondrial DNA?
Only from your mother
What role do mitochondria play in the process of apoptosis?
They play an important role in apoptosis
What is the function of lysosomes?
To contain powerful digestive enzymes
Which organelle in the cell is characterized by having a low internal pH of 5?
Lysosomes
What is the main role of peroxisomes?
To detoxify several toxic substances
Where are peroxisomes especially abundant?
Liver
Which cellular structure is involved in destroying unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins?
Proteasomes
How many flattened membranous sacs can the Golgi Complex consist of?
3-20
What are the functions performed by the Golgi Complex?
Modify, sort, and package proteins
What are the flattened membranous sacs in the Golgi Complex called?
Cisternae
How are proteins transported in the Golgi Complex?
Via various vesicles
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport?
Golgi Complex
Study Notes
Nucleus
- Has a spherical or oval shape
- Separated from cytoplasm by a double membrane called nuclear envelope
- Nuclear envelope has numerous openings called nuclear pores that control movement of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
- Contains a spherical body called nucleolus that produces ribosomes
Mitochondria
- Known as the "powerhouse" of the cell
- Generate ATP through aerobic respiration
- Prevalent in active cells such as muscles, liver, and kidneys
- Can self-replicate during times of increased cellular demand or before cell division
- Contain own DNA, inherited only from mother
- Play an important role in apoptosis
Golgi Complex
- Consists of 3-20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae
- Modify, sort, and package proteins for transport to different destinations
- Proteins are transported by various vesicles, secretory membrane, and transport
Lysosomes
- Form from the Golgi complex
- Contain powerful digestive enzymes
- Have a low internal pH (5) due to H+-ATPase
Peroxisomes
- Smaller than lysosomes
- Detoxify several toxic substances
Learn about the structure and functions of the nucleus and mitochondria, two essential organelles in eukaryotic cells.
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