Bacterial Cell Wall Structure Quiz

N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)

Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, while Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer without an outer membrane.

The glycocalyx helps pathogens evade the immune system and assists in attachment to surfaces.

<p>It protects cells from environmental factors and contributes to their adhesion to surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I pili contain adhesins that allow bacteria to attach to surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugation pili are used to transfer genetic material between bacterial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capsule is a thick, firmly bound layer, while the slime layer is more diffuse and water-soluble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan can trigger immune responses, as it is recognized by the immune system as a component of bacterial cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A virus's genome can be either single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA, while a typical cell usually contains double-stranded DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral envelopes are made up of the host cell membrane and viral proteins, providing a protective layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses with a rod or filament shape exhibit helical symmetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isocahedral viruses have a capsid that consists of 20 triangular sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriophages commonly have a tail structure used to inject their genome into host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic viruses are usually rod-shaped, oblong, or round.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detecting viruses is critical for disease identification, as many symptoms are specific to certain viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light microscopes detect cytopathic effects, such as syncytia or giant cells, to identify viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and retain the crystal violet stain, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that does not retain the stain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common symptoms include those seen in infections like mumps or measles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan consists of glycan chains cross-linked by peptide bridges, providing structural support and shape to the bacteria, and protecting them from osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are classified based on characteristics such as genome type and structure, reflecting their diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall's composition can trigger specific immune responses, as certain components are recognized by immune cells, leading to the activation of immune pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycocalyx enhances bacterial adhesion to surfaces, protects against phagocytosis, and contributes to biofilm formation, which aids in survival in hostile environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria are generally more susceptible to antibiotics targeting peptidoglycan synthesis, while Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane can act as a barrier to many antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic flagella primarily provide locomotion and enable chemotaxis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial spores can survive desiccation and high temperatures, withstanding temperatures up to 121°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses are characterized by a simple structure, lacking the machinery for energy generation and relying on host cells for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can have either a DNA or RNA genome, which can be single-stranded or double-stranded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in flagella structure and arrangement are used to classify bacterial strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan provides structural support and protection, maintaining the shape of bacterial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall of bacteria acts as a barrier, preventing phagocytosis and protecting against the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glycocalyx functions as a protective layer that aids in adhesion to surfaces and contributes to biofilm formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetative bacterial cells are usually destroyed at temperatures as low as 60°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major components of viruses include a capsid, which is the protein shell that encases their genomic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan provides structural support and rigidity, helping to maintain the shape of the bacterial cell and protect it from osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall can protect bacteria from phagocytosis and prevent the entry of harmful substances, thus contributing to the organism's overall immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glycocalyx serves as a protective layer, aiding in adherence to surfaces and protecting bacteria from desiccation and immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacteria are often more resistant to antibiotics due to their outer membrane, which acts as a barrier to many drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Gram-positive bacteria, the peptidoglycan layer is much thicker and forms multiple layers, while in Gram-negative bacteria, it is much thinner and located between the inner and outer membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bacterial cell wall prevents cell lysis by maintaining turgor pressure, allowing the cell to sustain its shape in varying osmotic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A glycocalyx can enhance a pathogen's virulence by promoting adherence to host tissues and forming protective biofilms, evading the host immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains lipopolysaccharides, which can hinder the penetration of certain antibiotics, making treatment challenging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan is the primary structural component responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers