33 Questions
Which type of cell has a definite nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
What type of cell division occurs in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of organization?
Unicellular vs. multicellular
Which type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles?
Bacteria
Who is credited with the discovery of the cell and the usage of the term 'cell'?
Robert Hooke
What magnification did Anton van Leeuwenhoek achieve with his simple microscope?
275X
Which scientists proposed that all organisms are composed of cells?
Theodore Schwann
What type of cell did Robert Hooke observe in his cork sample?
Plant Cell
Who proposed that 'the cell is the basic unit of life'?
Theodore Schwann
Which scientist observed 'tiny boxes that look like the rooms in a monastery' under the microscope?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What is the main function of microfilaments?
Cell movement and cytokinesis
Which organelle contains a spherical body for the synthesis of protein?
Nucleolus
Which cell structure is responsible for forming the spindle fibers during cell division?
Centrosomes
What do intermediate filaments provide within a cell?
Support and strength
What is the main purpose of flagella within cells?
Cell movement
Which organelle controls the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus?
Nuclear Envelope
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packaging and modifying proteins
Which scientist made a significant contribution to microbiology by developing microscopes that could magnify up to 300 times?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
Energy production
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which type of epithelium is characterized by tall, columnar cells with nuclei located at the base of each cell?
Columnar epithelium
What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?
Cell division
Which organelle is known as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell'?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Selects materials that pass through it
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Site for protein synthesis
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is known as the 'Suicide Sac'?
Lysosome
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Processing and packaging
Which organelle is described as a system of membranous tubules and sacs, known as the 'Circulatory System of the Cell'?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What type of organelle has its own DNA and can replicate independently by dividing?
Mitochondria
Which structure in a cell is described as a complex network of interlinking filaments or tubules, acting as the 'Cell Skeleton'?
'Cytoskeleton'
'Sol' and 'Gel' refer to which part of the cell?
'Cytosol'
'Phospholipid Bilayer' is a characteristic feature of which cell component?
'Cell Membrane'
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell: the structural unit of life that performs all life processes
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic Cell
- No definite nucleus ("False Nucleus")
- Few structures
- Mitochondria: none
- Ribosomes: 70S
- Chloroplasts: none
- Cell Division: Binary Fission
- Organization: Unicellular
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Definite nucleus ("True Nucleus")
- Highly structured by membranes
- Mitochondria: present
- Ribosomes: 80S
- Chloroplasts: present in plants and algae
- Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Organization: Multicellular
Cell Components
- Microfilaments: contractile, made of actin, for cell movement and cytokinesis
- Microtubules: rigid, hollow tubes, made of tubulin, for maintaining cell shape and forming centrioles
- Intermediate Filaments: provide strength and support
Centrioles and Centrosomes
- Centrioles: organizing centers for microtubules, contain two bundles of microtubules at right angles
- Centrosomes: form spindle fibers for chromosome separation, house centrioles
Flagella and Cilia
- Flagella: long, thread-like, fewer in number, for cell movement
- Cilia: short, hair-like, numerous, for cell movement
Nucleus
- Normally the largest organelle
- Nuclear Envelope: double membrane with many pores, controls movement of materials
- Nucleolus: spherical body in the nucleus for protein synthesis
- Chromosomes: houses genes (DNA), hereditary material
Cell Structures and Functions
- All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, except for red blood cells that lose their nuclei as they mature
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells: plants, animals, algae, fungi, protists
Test your knowledge on the definition and examples of cells, the structural units of life that perform all life processes. Identify various cell types such as animal cells, plant cells, bacterial cells, and more.
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