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Questions and Answers
Which type of cell has a definite nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
Which type of cell has a definite nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
- Unicellular organisms
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells (correct)
- Bacteria
What type of cell division occurs in prokaryotic cells?
What type of cell division occurs in prokaryotic cells?
- Cellular respiration
- Mitosis
- Meiosis
- Binary fission (correct)
Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
- Chloroplasts
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Cell membrane
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of organization?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of organization?
Which type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles?
Which type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles?
Who is credited with the discovery of the cell and the usage of the term 'cell'?
Who is credited with the discovery of the cell and the usage of the term 'cell'?
What magnification did Anton van Leeuwenhoek achieve with his simple microscope?
What magnification did Anton van Leeuwenhoek achieve with his simple microscope?
Which scientists proposed that all organisms are composed of cells?
Which scientists proposed that all organisms are composed of cells?
What type of cell did Robert Hooke observe in his cork sample?
What type of cell did Robert Hooke observe in his cork sample?
Who proposed that 'the cell is the basic unit of life'?
Who proposed that 'the cell is the basic unit of life'?
Which scientist observed 'tiny boxes that look like the rooms in a monastery' under the microscope?
Which scientist observed 'tiny boxes that look like the rooms in a monastery' under the microscope?
What is the main function of microfilaments?
What is the main function of microfilaments?
Which organelle contains a spherical body for the synthesis of protein?
Which organelle contains a spherical body for the synthesis of protein?
Which cell structure is responsible for forming the spindle fibers during cell division?
Which cell structure is responsible for forming the spindle fibers during cell division?
What do intermediate filaments provide within a cell?
What do intermediate filaments provide within a cell?
What is the main purpose of flagella within cells?
What is the main purpose of flagella within cells?
Which organelle controls the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus?
Which organelle controls the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which scientist made a significant contribution to microbiology by developing microscopes that could magnify up to 300 times?
Which scientist made a significant contribution to microbiology by developing microscopes that could magnify up to 300 times?
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in a cell?
Which type of epithelium is characterized by tall, columnar cells with nuclei located at the base of each cell?
Which type of epithelium is characterized by tall, columnar cells with nuclei located at the base of each cell?
What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?
What is the primary function of centrioles in animal cells?
Which organelle is known as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell'?
Which organelle is known as the 'Powerhouse of the Cell'?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of ribosomes?
What is the main function of ribosomes?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is known as the 'Suicide Sac'?
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is known as the 'Suicide Sac'?
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Which organelle is described as a system of membranous tubules and sacs, known as the 'Circulatory System of the Cell'?
Which organelle is described as a system of membranous tubules and sacs, known as the 'Circulatory System of the Cell'?
What type of organelle has its own DNA and can replicate independently by dividing?
What type of organelle has its own DNA and can replicate independently by dividing?
Which structure in a cell is described as a complex network of interlinking filaments or tubules, acting as the 'Cell Skeleton'?
Which structure in a cell is described as a complex network of interlinking filaments or tubules, acting as the 'Cell Skeleton'?
'Sol' and 'Gel' refer to which part of the cell?
'Sol' and 'Gel' refer to which part of the cell?
'Phospholipid Bilayer' is a characteristic feature of which cell component?
'Phospholipid Bilayer' is a characteristic feature of which cell component?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell: the structural unit of life that performs all life processes
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic Cell
- No definite nucleus ("False Nucleus")
- Few structures
- Mitochondria: none
- Ribosomes: 70S
- Chloroplasts: none
- Cell Division: Binary Fission
- Organization: Unicellular
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Definite nucleus ("True Nucleus")
- Highly structured by membranes
- Mitochondria: present
- Ribosomes: 80S
- Chloroplasts: present in plants and algae
- Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Organization: Multicellular
Cell Components
- Microfilaments: contractile, made of actin, for cell movement and cytokinesis
- Microtubules: rigid, hollow tubes, made of tubulin, for maintaining cell shape and forming centrioles
- Intermediate Filaments: provide strength and support
Centrioles and Centrosomes
- Centrioles: organizing centers for microtubules, contain two bundles of microtubules at right angles
- Centrosomes: form spindle fibers for chromosome separation, house centrioles
Flagella and Cilia
- Flagella: long, thread-like, fewer in number, for cell movement
- Cilia: short, hair-like, numerous, for cell movement
Nucleus
- Normally the largest organelle
- Nuclear Envelope: double membrane with many pores, controls movement of materials
- Nucleolus: spherical body in the nucleus for protein synthesis
- Chromosomes: houses genes (DNA), hereditary material
Cell Structures and Functions
- All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, except for red blood cells that lose their nuclei as they mature
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells: bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells: plants, animals, algae, fungi, protists
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