Biology Cell Structures and Functions Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main role of the cell membrane?

To enable the cell to divide

To separate and protect the cell from its surroundings (correct)

To produce proteins

To store genetic information

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

Carbohydrates

Cellulose (correct)

Phospholipids

Proteins

What is the function of the carbohydrates embedded in the cell membrane?

To act as channels for transport

To act as chemical ID cards (correct)

To generate energy

To provide structural support

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plants?

To provide structural support and protection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?

Cellulose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating cellular energy?

Mitochondrion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy?

Chlorophyll (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of the fluid-mosaic model?

A model showing the cell membrane as a flexible structure with embedded proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Synthesizes proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ER has ribosomes attached to it?

Rough ER (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles are involved in cell division?

Centrioles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Digestion of worn-out organelles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryote?

Membrane-bound organelles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the detoxification of cells?

Smooth ER (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?

Cell support and movement (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Storage of water, enzymes, and waste products (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to observe living cells through a simple microscope?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Hooke observe in cork that led to the discovery of plant cells?

Dead plant cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist concluded that all living things are composed of cells?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell theory state regarding the origin of cells?

Every cell originates from an existing cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Inability to change over time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms?

Cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist hypothesized that new cells do not form on their own?

Rudolph Virchow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cells in multicellular organisms are organized into which of the following structures?

Tissue and organs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

They lack membrane-bound organelles. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of all cells?

Nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process do prokaryotic cells primarily use to reproduce?

Binary fission (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly distinguishes prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells?

Cells are the building blocks of life. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What function does the cell membrane serve?

It is the outer boundary of the cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about eukaryotic cells?

They have membrane-bound organelles. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is common to both plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Cells

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.

Discovery of Cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): Dutch biologist, first person to observe living cells through a simple microscope.
Robert Hooke (1635-1703): Examined cork cells, and coined the term "cell" describing the compartments.
Robert Brown: Observed a dark circle in the center of the cell, which was later named the nucleus.

Development of Cell Theory

Matthias Schleiden (1838): German scientist, observed plant parts using a microscope; concluded that all plants are made of cells.
Theodor Schwann (1839): German scientist, observed many different animal cells; concluded that all animals are made of cells.
Rudolph Virchow (mid-1800s): German physician; hypothesized that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.

Cell Theory

All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
New cells are produced from pre-existing cells.

Developments in Cell Biology

Microscopes clarified the definition of life.
All living things consist of organized parts, obtain and use energy, perform chemical reactions, change over time, maintain homeostasis, respond to their environment, reproduce, and share a common history.

Cell Diversity

Not all cells are identical.
Cells within an organism exhibit diverse size, shape, and organization variations.
This diversity is related to the variety of cell functions.

Cell Organization

Tissues: groups of cells that carry out specific functions (e.g., epithelial tissue, muscle tissue).
Organs: several types of tissues interacting to perform a specific function (e.g., stomach).
Organ systems: groups of organs working together to perform a set of related tasks (e.g., digestive system).

Prokaryotic Cells

Unicellular organisms.
Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The genetic material is concentrated in a nucleoid region.
Can be concentrated in one part of the cell.
Can have flagella for movement or pili/fimbriae for attaching to surfaces.
Reproduce by binary fission. Examples: E. coli, Streptococcus.

Eukaryotic Cells

Contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
Examples include plant and animal cells.

Cell Facts

Cells cannot survive if isolated from their environment.
Cells need nutrients to survive.
Cells eliminate waste.
Most cells are only visible using a microscope.

Organelles

Organelles are cell components that perform specific functions.

Cell Structures

All cells have
- Cell membrane: outer boundary of the cell.
- DNA: genetic information
- Cytoplasm: watery material inside the cell membrane; contains dissolved substances, enzymes, organelles, and structures.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

This is a comparison highlighting the key structural differences.

Cell Wall

Found in plants, algae, some bacteria, and fungi.
Surrounds the cell membrane.
Protects and supports the cell
Made of cellulose in plants.
Has primary and secondary layers.

Nucleus

One of the largest organelles.
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores, a membrane.
Contains a nucleolus, a dense region with RNA and proteins, which are essential for ribosome production.
Contains the chromosomes that hold the genetic information.
Is the information center of the cell, directing most of the cell activities.

Cytoplasm

Contains structures called organelles.
Primarily composed of water.

Mitochondria

Has two membranes.
Used to generate cellular energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Inner membrane has folds called cristae.
Contains their own DNA and ribosomes.

Plastids

Found in plant cells
Store food and pigments.
- Amyloplasts: store starch
- Leucoplasts: store food
- Chromoplasts: store pigments like carotenoids (orange).
- Chloroplasts: conduct photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

Photosynthetic organelle (found in plant cells).
Has two outer membranes and one inner thylakoid membrane
Interior fluid is called stroma
Changes energy from sunlight into stored chemical energy.
Contains pigment chlorophyll.

Vacuoles

Sac-like storage structures.
Store enzymes and waste products.
Very large in plant cells; aid in plant growth and support.

Cytoskeleton

Network of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and movement.
Types: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Includes cilia and flagella.

Centrioles

Cylindrical organelles found only in animal cells.
Involved in cell division.
Starting place for microtubules.
Always occur in pairs

Endosymbiotic Theory

eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through engulfing of prokaryotes, particularly mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of cell structures and their functions with this quiz. Topics include the cell membrane, cell wall, organelles, and the fluid-mosaic model. Answer multiple-choice questions designed to assess your understanding of cellular biology.