Cell Structures & Boundaries Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the parts of the cell theory?

  • Cells can survive independently of external environments. (correct)
  • All living things are composed of cells.
  • All cells arise from existing cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of life.

What structure is responsible for controlling the entry and exit of substances in a cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane (correct)

Which of the following organelles is specifically involved in the production of proteins?

  • Vesicle
  • Ribosome (correct)
  • Chloroplast
  • Mitochondrion

What is the term for the process where molecules move across a cell membrane without the use of energy?

<p>Passive transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane is important for its fluidity and stability?

<p>Cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?

<p>Smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lens is used in a compound light microscope for initial focusing of a specimen?

<p>Scanning objective lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions most accurately describes the role of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Modification and packaging of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

The theory that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living things, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Cell Membrane

The thin, flexible barrier around a cell; it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells, bacteria, and fungi; provides support and protection.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell; it contains organelles, the cell's internal structures.

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Nucleus

The control center of the cell; it contains the DNA, which directs the cell's activities.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; they include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; they are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, such as bacteria.

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Organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function. Think of them as the cell's tiny organs.

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Study Notes

Cell Structures & Cell Boundaries

  • Cell Theory: The three parts of the cell theory are:

    • All living things are made up of one or more cells.
    • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
    • Cells come from pre-existing cells.
  • Microscope Parts: The parts of a compound light microscope are:

    • Ocular/Eyepiece Lens
    • Scanning Objective Lens
    • High Power Objective Lens
    • Low Power Objective Lens
    • Ribosome
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
    • Golgi Apparatus
    • Lysosome
    • Vacuole
    • Coarse Adjustment Knob
    • Fine Adjustment Knob
    • Diaphragm
  • Cell Structures:

    • Cell wall: Provides support and protection.
    • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis.
    • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support.
    • Centriole: Involved in cell division.
    • Lipid bilayer: Forms the cell membrane.
    • Semipermeable membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
    • Cholesterol: Helps maintain membrane fluidity.
    • Receptor protein: Enables cell communication.
    • Glycoprotein: Cell recognition.
    • Protein channel: Facilitates the movement of substances.
    • Passive transport: Movement of substances across a membrane without energy input.
    • Active transport: Movement of substances across a membrane utilizing energy.
  • Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells:

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles including the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Plant vs. Animal Cells:

    • Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
  • Cell Organelles:

    • Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.
    • Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA)
    • Cytoplasm: Fluid filling the cell outside the nucleus
    • Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins for secretion.
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Synthesizes and transports proteins and other materials.
    • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
    • Lysosomes: Break down waste materials.
    • Vacuoles: Store water and nutrients.
  • Cell Function:

    • Organelles in eukaryotic cells work together to perform the cell's functions.
    • Examples: protein synthesis, energy production, waste removal.
  • Cell Membranes:

    • A cell membrane selectively controls what enters and exits the cell.
    • It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
    • A cell wall is a rigid outer layer that protects and provides structural support for plant cells.
    • A cell membrane and cell wall both maintain cell shape, but differ in structure and function.
  • Cell Membrane Function:

    • Maintains homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
  • Passive vs. Active Transport:

    • Passive transport moves substances across the membrane without energy.
    • Active transport moves substances across the membrane using energy.

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