Cell Structures & Boundaries Quiz

Cell Structures & Cell Boundaries

• Cell Theory: The three parts of the cell theory are:

  • All living things are made up of one or more cells.
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
  • Cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Microscope Parts: The parts of a compound light microscope are:

  • Ocular/Eyepiece Lens
  • Scanning Objective Lens
  • High Power Objective Lens
  • Low Power Objective Lens
  • Ribosome
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Lysosome
  • Vacuole
  • Coarse Adjustment Knob
  • Fine Adjustment Knob
  • Diaphragm

• Cell Structures:

  • Cell wall: Provides support and protection.
  • Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis.
  • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support.
  • Centriole: Involved in cell division.
  • Lipid bilayer: Forms the cell membrane.
  • Semipermeable membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
  • Cholesterol: Helps maintain membrane fluidity.
  • Receptor protein: Enables cell communication.
  • Glycoprotein: Cell recognition.
  • Protein channel: Facilitates the movement of substances.
  • Passive transport: Movement of substances across a membrane without energy input.
  • Active transport: Movement of substances across a membrane utilizing energy.

• Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells:

  • Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
  • Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles including the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.

• Plant vs. Animal Cells:

  • Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.

• Cell Organelles:

  • Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.
  • Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA)
  • Cytoplasm: Fluid filling the cell outside the nucleus
  • Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell.
  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins for secretion.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Synthesizes and transports proteins and other materials.
  • Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
  • Lysosomes: Break down waste materials.
  • Vacuoles: Store water and nutrients.

• Cell Function:

  • Organelles in eukaryotic cells work together to perform the cell's functions.
  • Examples: protein synthesis, energy production, waste removal.

• Cell Membranes:

  • A cell membrane selectively controls what enters and exits the cell.
  • It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
  • A cell wall is a rigid outer layer that protects and provides structural support for plant cells.
  • A cell membrane and cell wall both maintain cell shape, but differ in structure and function.

• Cell Membrane Function:

  • Maintains homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

• Passive vs. Active Transport:

  • Passive transport moves substances across the membrane without energy.
  • Active transport moves substances across the membrane using energy.